ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2014
T cells from chronic bone infection show reduced proliferation and a high proportion of CD28⁻ CD4 T cells.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone and Soft Tissue Chronic Inflammation Diseases.Small science · 2025Review
- A comprehensive review of pathology and treatment of staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Osteoimmunology: Crosstalk Between T Cells and Osteoclasts in Osteoporosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Osteoimmunology: The Crosstalk between T Cells, B Cells, and Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Senescent CD4International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Metatranscriptome sequencing identifiesFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Premature Senescence of T-cells Favors Bone Loss During Osteolytic Diseases. A New Concern in the Osteoimmunology Arena.Aging and disease · 2021Article
- Idiopathic CD4 T Cell Lymphocytopenia: A Case of Overexpression of PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4.Infectious disease reports · 2021Article
- Humanized Mice Exhibit Exacerbated Abscess Formation and Osteolysis During the Establishment of Implant-AssociatedFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- From Crosstalk between Immune and Bone Cells to Bone Erosion in Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Increased Fragility Fracture Rates in Older Men With Osteomyelitis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Chronic Implant-Related Bone Infections-Can Immune Modulation be a Therapeutic Strategy?Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Quantitative B-lymphocyte deficiency and increased TCRγδ T-lymphocytes in acute infectious spondylodiscitis.Scientific reports · 2018Observational
- Epigenetic Modification Mediates the Increase of LAG-3Inflammation · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic bone infection is associated with bone resorption. From animal studies, CD3/CD28-activated T cells are known to enhance osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Because CD28 is expressed constitutively on T cells and its expression is down-regulated by chronic exposure to the inflammatory environment, we characterized co-stimulatory molecule expression on T cells from chronically infected patients. We used cytofluorometric techniques to phenotypically characterize T cells, its co-stimulatory molecules and perforin secretion from infected and non-infected human bones. Chronic bone infection was defined as infection lasting for more than a month. We show a higher T cell activation [human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR⁺)] in infected compared to non-infected bones: median being 16 versus 7%, P = 0·009 for CD4 T cells, and 33 versus 15%, P = 0·038 for CD8 T cells, respectively. However, T cell proliferation (Ki67⁺) was lower for CD8 T cells in infected bones: 26 versus 34%, P = 0·045. In contrast, we detected no difference in apoptosis and regulatory T cells. In infected bone, we found higher CD28-negative CD4⁺ T cells compared to non-infected bone: 20 versus 8%, respectively (P = 0·005); this T cell subset had higher CD11b expression and perforin secretion. Chronically infected human bones are characterized by an increase of CD28-negative CD4⁺ T cells, indicating long-term activated cells with cytotoxic ability. Therefore, this alteration of co-stimulatory molecules may modify interactions with osteoclasts and impact bone resorption.
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