SynthesisObesity facts2013
Obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani population: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Obesity facts, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in women following bariatric surgery: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors among Chinese immigrants.Internal and emergency medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Burden of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among young and middle-aged adults in primary care clinics of Karachi, Pakistan.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Obesity-linked genes may promote prostate cancer among Asian and Hispanic immigrants to North America.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Geospatial inequalities in women's malnutrition in Pakistan.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- HEPNET Position Statement-I, Case Definition, Classification, Screening & Diagnosis of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Pakistan: A Resource for Primary and Secondary Care Physicians.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Dietary habits and salivary cortisol levels as an early predictor of metabolic syndrome in children: a case-control study.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2025Article
- The relationship between intake of fruits, vegetables and dairy products with overweight and obesity in a large sample in Iran: Findings of STEPS 2016.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Comparison of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients with Different Ethnicity: A Cross-sectional Study.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Article
- Association between dynamic obesity and mortality in patients with first-ever ischemic stroke: A hospital-based prospective study.Medicine · 2020Article
- Whole-Body Cryotherapy Is an Effective Method of Reducing Abdominal Obesity in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- The Coadministration of Unoxidized and Oxidized Desi Ghee Ameliorates the Toxic Effects of Thermally Oxidized Ghee in Rabbits.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2017Article
- Association of household and community socioeconomic position and urbanicity with underweight and overweight among women in Pakistan.PloS one · 2015Article
- Time for themselves: Perceptions of physical activity among first and second-generation Pakistani women living in the Raval, Barcelona.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to systematically describe the gender and ethnic differences regarding the prevalence of general/central obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia among the indigenous and immigrant Pakistani communities.
methodsThe search engine used was PubMed, supplemented with regional data from the Medical Institutes of Pakistan. The focus was on the adult Pakistani population (18 years and older).
resultsWe found only 7 studies among the immigrant Pakistani community and 24 studies among the indigenous Pakistani community. The studies had limitations such as low participation rates and use of self-reported data. There is a higher prevalence of central obesity among women (42.2%) than among men (14.7%) (National Health Survey of Pakistan). Certain ethnicities such as Muhajir and Baluchis showed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors when compared to other ethnicities in the indigenous Pakistani population. The results also indicate that the prevalence of obesity is 10-20% higher among the immigrant Pakistanis than in the indigenous Pakistanis.
conclusionThe relatively high prevalence of obesity and associated CVD risk factors (especially in women) among both indigenous and immigrant Pakistani populations require the attention of the healthcare professionals and policy makers, both inside and outside Pakistan.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.