ReviewInternational review of neurobiology2013
Genetic susceptibility and neurotransmitters in Tourette syndrome.
Review in International review of neurobiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04794413 (An Open Label, Proof-of-Principle, Pilot Study to Evaluate Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Motor and Behavioral Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open Label, Proof-of-Principle, Pilot Study to Evaluate Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Motor and Behavioral Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural and functional alterations in the brain gray matter among Tourette syndrome patients: a multimodal meta-analysis of fMRI and VBM studies.Journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Investigating Shared Genetic Basis Across Tourette Syndrome and Comorbid Neurodevelopmental Disorders Along the Impulsivity-Compulsivity Spectrum.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Tourette syndrome.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Tics Induced by Mirtazapine in an Adolescent.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Symptoms and sleep characteristics of tic disorder children with allergic diseases: a case-control study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Comprehensive Management of Tourette Syndrome: Insights from Genetics and Pathophysiology: A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Excitatory/Inhibitory balance in autism spectrum disorders: Integrating genetic, neurotransmitter and computational perspectives.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Discovery of key biomarkers in tourette syndrome by network pharmacology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Netrin-4: Focus on Its Role in Axon Guidance, Tissue Stability, Angiogenesis and Tumors.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- The shared genetic risk factors between Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- A Pilot Study on Plasma and Urine Neurotransmitter Levels in Children with Tic Disorders.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Brain transcriptomic profiling reveals common alterations across neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Pilot Study to Evaluate Pimavanserin for the Treatment of Motor and Behavioral Symptoms of Tourette Syndrome.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- The Multi-Targeting Ligand ST-2223 with Histamine HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Dual-Active Histamine HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Treatment of tics associated with Tourette syndrome.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2020Review
- Role of Neuroinflammation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Emergence of Brain Histaminergic System. Lessons Also for BPSD?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Family studies have consistently shown that Tourette syndrome (TS) is a familial disorder and twin studies have clearly indicated a genetic contribution in the etiology of TS. Whereas early segregation studies of TS suggested a single-gene autosomal dominant disorder, later studies have pointed to more complex models including additive and multifactorial inheritance and likely interaction with genetic factors. While the exact cellular and molecular base of TS is as yet elusive, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have pointed to the involvement of cortico-striato-thalamocortical circuits and abnormalities in dopamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and serotonin neurotransmitter systems, with the most consistent evidence being available for involvement of dopamine-related abnormalities, that is, a reduction in tonic extracellular dopamine levels along with hyperresponsive spike-dependent dopamine release, following stimulation. Genetic and gene expression findings are very much supportive of involvement of these neurotransmitter systems. Moreover, intriguingly, genetic work on a two-generation pedigree has opened new research pointing to a role for histamine, a so far rather neglected neurotransmitter, with the potential of the development of new treatment options. Future studies should be aimed at directly linking neurotransmitter-related genetic and gene expression findings to imaging studies (imaging genetics), which enables a better understanding of the pathways and mechanisms through which the dynamic interplay of genes, brain, and environment shapes the TS phenotype.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.