ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2013
Early life microbial exposure and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children: a prospective birth cohort study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pet Ownership Increases the Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Asthma Severity in Children With Atopic Asthma.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2025Article
- Article
- AWMF mold guideline "Medical clinical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure" - Update 2023 AWMF Register No. 161/001.Allergologie select · 2024Article
- Associations between household airborne culturable fungi and allergies and airway illnesses in childhood in Shanghai, China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Pediatric Asthma and the Indoor Microbial Environment.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Indoor Fungal Exposure and Allergic Respiratory Disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Early life exposure to microbial agents may have an effect on the development of the immune system and on respiratory health later in life.In the present work we aimed to evaluate the associations between early life microbial exposures, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) at school age.
methodsEndotoxin, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and β(1,3)-D-glucan were measured in living room dust collected at 2-3 months of age in homes of participants of three prospective European birth cohorts (LISA, n = 182; PIAMA, n = 244; and INMA, n = 355). Home dampness and pet ownership were periodically reported by the parents through questionnaires. FeNO was measured at age 8 for PIAMA and at age 10/11 for LISA and INMA. Cohort-specific associations between the indoor microbial exposures and FeNO were evaluated using multivariable regression analyses. Estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analyses.
resultsFeNO at school age was lower in children exposed to endotoxin at age 2-3 months (β -0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.10;-0.01) and in children with reported dog ownership during the first two years of life (GM ratio 0.82, CI 0.70-0.96). FeNO was not significantly associated with early life exposure to EPS, β(1,3)-D-glucan, indoor dampness and cat ownership.
conclusionEarly life exposure to bacterial endotoxin and early life dog ownership are associated with lower FeNO at school age. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and to unravel the underlying mechanisms and possible clinical relevance of this finding.
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