ReviewIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Role of cytokines as a double-edged sword in sepsis.
Review in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 326 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Probiotics on Interleukin 6 and Transforming Growth Factor-βLevels in Critically Ill Children With Sepsis
Biological and Immunomodulatory Effect of Hemoadsorption With Macroporous Resin Cartridges in Septic Shock and Refractory Septic Shock Two Parallel Open-label Randomized Pilot Trials.
Who cites it
326 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- IL-6 Baseline Values and Dynamic Changes in Predicting Sepsis Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2025Pooled it
- Divergent effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in sepsis: a meta-analysis of experimental studies.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in sepsis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Pooled it
- Pneumolysin as a target for new therapies against pneumococcal infections: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Rapid and accessible tumor necrosis factor alpha detection using digital nanoparticle sensors towards point-of-care cytokine monitoring.Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · 2026Article
- Impact of Regional Hepatic Immunosuppression With Budesonide on Bacterial Elimination in Porcine Abdominal Sepsis.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Comparison of plasma cytokine expression in adult haematological malignancy patients with bacterial and/or fungal infections.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Sepsis-related immunosuppression: a comprehensive review of current research breakthroughs.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Association of Presepsis Statin Prescription With Kidney and Mortality Outcomes: Cause-Specific, Overlap-Weighted Analyses.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- MYD88/TRIF Signaling, Pluripotency and Klotho Regulation in the Intestine, Kidneys, Liver, and Lungs of a Septic Mouse Model.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- LIF and Oncostatin M mitigate LPS-induced acute endometritis via distinct immunoregulatory mechanisms in peritoneal macrophagesiScience · 2026Article
- Sleep interruption aggravates sepsis by rewiring the macrophage immune response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- AnACS omega · 2026Article
- Protective Effects of Gallic Acid in LPS-Induced Lung Injury via Modulation of Oxidative Stress: AKT1/NRF2 and IL-10 Signaling.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Advanced Age in Mice Exacerbates Sepsis-Induced Inflammation, Vascular Permeability, and Multi-Organ Dysfunction.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Modes of (Inter)Actions of Polyvalent Immunoglobulins: Nonclinical and Clinical Research in Severe Bacterial Infections.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Out of the shed and into the field: an immune toolkit for measuring wild ungulate immune phenotypes at multiple scales.Discovery immunology · 2026Article
- Septic Shock and Rhabdomyolysis as Rare Complications Following Rectal Perforation: A Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Macrophage reprogramming and functional plasticity in sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
266 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSepsis is a deadly immunological disorder and its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. We aimed to determine if specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for sepsis. MATERIALS AND
methodsRecent publications in the MEDLINE database were searched for articles regarding the clinical significance of inflammatory cytokines in sepsis.
resultsIn response to pathogen infection, pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) increased in patients with sepsis. Importantly, a decrease in IL-6 was associated with a better prognosis and overproduction of IL-10 was found to be the main predictor of severity and fatal outcome.
conclusionBoth pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines constitute a double-edged sword in sepsis; on one hand they are critical to eliminate the infection while on the other, excessive production can cause tissue and organ damage. Increase in cytokines such as IL-6, Il-8, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-α may have implications in diagnosis and treatment of sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
24292568PMC4378830What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.