Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24292565›Full record

ArticleDiabetologia2014

Pre-existing diabetes, maternal glycated haemoglobin, and the risks of fetal and infant death: a population-based study.

Peter W G Tennant, Svetlana V Glinianaia, Rudy W Bilous, Judith Rankin, Ruth Bell

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetologia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04902378 (Closed-loop Insulin Delivery by Glucose Responsive Computer Algorithms In Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancies), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04902378 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Closed-loop Insulin Delivery by Glucose Responsive Computer Algorithms In Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancies (CIRCUIT)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CalgaryRan2021 to 2025Enrolled94ConditionsType 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy Related, Glucose Metabolism Disorders, Metabolic DiseaseArmsTandem t:slim X2 insulin pump with Control IQ technology
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Pooled it
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  18. Addressing the Emotional Side of Diabetes During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review With Implications for Intervention.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025
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  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Peter W G TennantInstitute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK, peter.tennant@ncl.ac.uk.
Svetlana V Glinianaia
Rudy W Bilous
Judith Rankin
Ruth Bell
Newcastle University · GBJames Cook University Hospital · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K02325X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aims/hypothesisPre-existing diabetes is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth, but few studies have excluded the effect of congenital anomalies. This study used data from a long-standing population-based survey of women with pre-existing diabetes to investigate the risks of fetal and infant death and quantify the contribution of glycaemic control.

methodsAll normally formed singleton offspring of women with pre-existing diabetes (1,206 with type 1 diabetes and 342 with type 2 diabetes) in the North of England during 1996-2008 were identified from the Northern Diabetes in Pregnancy Survey. RRs of fetal death (≥20 weeks of gestation) and infant death were estimated by comparison with population data from the Northern Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Survey. Predictors of fetal and infant death in women with pre-existing diabetes were examined by logistic regression.

resultsThe prevalence of fetal death in women with diabetes was over four times greater than in those without (RR 4.56 [95% CI 3.42, 6.07], p < 0.0001), and for infant death it was nearly doubled (RR 1.86 [95% CI 1.00, 3.46], p = 0.046). There was no difference in the prevalence of fetal death (p = 0.51) or infant death (p = 0.70) between women with type 1 diabetes and women with type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence that the RR of fetal and infant death had changed over time (p = 0.95). Increasing periconception HbA1c concentration above 49 mmol/mol (6.6%) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02 [95% CI 1.00, 1.04], p = 0.01), prepregnancy retinopathy (aOR 2.05 [95% CI 1.04, 4.05], p = 0.04) and lack of prepregnancy folic acid consumption (aOR 2.52 [95% CI 1.12, 5.65], p = 0.03) were all independently associated with increased odds of fetal and infant death. CONCLUSIONS/

interpretationPre-existing diabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of fetal and infant death in normally formed offspring, the effect of which is largely moderated by glycaemic control.

Indexed as

Pregnancy in DiabeticsAdultCohort StudiesCongenital AbnormalitiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyEnglandFemaleFetal DeathFolic AcidGlycated HemoglobinHumansInfant, NewbornOdds RatioPreconception CareFolic AcidGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanVitamin B Complex

Identifiers

PMID24292565
OpenAlexW1977225701

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.