Trial reportVaccine2014
Impact of malaria and helminth infections on immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in Tanzania.
Trial report in Vaccine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of helminth infection on vaccine responses in humans and animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasite immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Malaria and Helminthic Co-Infection during Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of schistosomes on host anti-viral immune response and the acquisition, virulence, and prevention of viral infections: A systematic review.PLoS pathogens · 2021Pooled it
- Cervical cancer prevention and treatment research in Africa: a systematic review from a public health perspective.BMC women's health · 2016Pooled it
- The effect of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine on vaccine-specific responses among schoolchildren in rural Uganda (POPVAC B): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Comparing one dose of HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years in Tanzania (DoRIS) with one dose in young women aged 15-20 years in Kenya (KEN SHE): an immunobridging analysis of randomised controlled trials.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and the Immune Response to the 2-Dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccine Regimen in Adults and Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Helminth Coinfections Modulate Disease Dynamics and Vaccination Success in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Patients with Trichinella spiralis infection display unmodified antigen-specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2025Article
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- COVID-19 vaccination survey and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG responses in a human cohort fromFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Protozoan co-infections and parasite influence on the efficacy of vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
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- A dose-reduction HPV vaccine immunobridging trial of two HPV vaccines among adolescent girls in Tanzania (the DoRIS trial) - Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- An investigation into the role of chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine induced protective responses.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Cervical cancer in Tanzania: A systematic review of current challenges in six domains.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2019Review
- Uptake of three doses of HPV vaccine by primary school girls in Eldoret, Kenya; a prospective cohort study in a malaria endemic setting.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Maternal BCG scar is associated with increased infant proinflammatory immune responses.Vaccine · 2017Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEndemic malaria and helminth infections in sub-Saharan Africa can act as immunological modulators and impact responses to standard immunizations. We conducted a cohort study to measure the influence of malaria and helminth infections on the immunogenicity of the bivalent HPV-16/18 vaccine.
methodsWe evaluated the association between malaria and helminth infections, and HPV-16/18 antibody responses among 298 Tanzanian females aged 10-25 years enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of the HPV-16/18 vaccine. Malaria parasitaemia was diagnosed by examination of blood smears, and helminth infections were diagnosed by examination of urine and stool samples, respectively. Geometric mean antibody titres (GMT) against HPV-16/18 antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsParasitic infections were common; one-third (30.4%) of participants had a helminth infection and 10.2% had malaria parasitaemia. Overall, the vaccine induced high HPV-16/18 GMTs, and there was no evidence of a reduction in HPV-16 or HPV-18 GMT at Month 7 or Month 12 follow-up visits among participants with helminths or malaria. There was some evidence that participants with malaria had increased GMTs compared to those without malaria.
conclusionsThe data show high HPV immunogenicity regardless of the presence of malaria and helminth infections. The mechanism and significance for the increase in GMT in those with malaria is unknown.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.