Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24289295›Full record

ArticleImplementation science : IS2013

Implementation strategies: recommendations for specifying and reporting.

Enola K Proctor, Byron J Powell, J Curtis McMillen

5 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Implementation science : IS, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,505 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,505citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04617834 active not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Enhancing Rural Health Via Cardiovascular Telehealth for Rural Patients (E-VICTORS) Project

TypeobservationalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2021 to 2026Enrolled215ConditionsCardiovascular Diseases, Acute Coronary SyndromeArmsQuality Surveillance Data Collection
NCT06003569 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Reducing Asthma Attacks in Disadvantaged School Children With Asthma

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Colorado, DenverRan2023 to 2027Enrolled300ConditionsAsthma in ChildrenArmsBACK-S, BACK-E
NCT06133686 phase3not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Implementing Oral (Event-driven and Daily) and Long-acting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Mobile Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: a Phase 3b, Open-label, Hybrid Type 2 Implementation and Effectiveness Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorMRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research UnitRan2024 to 2027Enrolled400ConditionsHIVArmsTenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF-FTC), cabotegravir (CAB-LA), Cabotegravir (CAB-LA), Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF-FTC)
NCT06562439 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Early Identification and Intervention Of Developmental Delay Among Infants And Toddlers With Sickle Cell Disease Using the Sickle Cell Caregiver Collaboration for Child Development (SCCCD) Intervention

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2025 to 2028Enrolled0ConditionsSickle Cell DiseaseArmsSickle Cell Collaboration for Child Development
NCT07387393 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Peau o le Vasa: Accelerating the Currents of Health Advances for Pasifika People

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of HawaiiRan2026 to 2028Enrolled400ConditionsCardiometabolic Conditions, Hypertension (HTN), Dyslipidemia, Pre-diabetesArmsPILI (Partnership for Improving Lifestyle Intervention) Pasifika Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,505 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  8. Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026
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1,445 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Enola K ProctorGeorge Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St, Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1196, St, Louis, MO, USA. ekp@wustl.edu.
Byron J Powell
J Curtis McMillen

Funding

Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences (UL1)UL1RR024992 · NCRR · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2007 to 2011
$45.4M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR000448 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Washington University Center for Diabetes Translation Research P30DK092950 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ross C Brownson, Debra Haire-Joshu · 2011 to 2026
$11.7M
GWB MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE RESEARCH TRAININGT32MH019960 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Leopoldo J Cabassa, Byron James Powell · 1995 to 2026
$11.1M
Worksite Policies and neighborhood Influences on Obesity and Cancer RiskU54CA155496 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI COLDITZ, GRAHAM A. · 2011 to 2016
$9.0M
OPERATIONS CORE (285-351)P30MH068579 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MCMILLEN, J. CURTIS · 2004 to 2008
$7.0M
IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IRI-MHSR25MH080916 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Byron James Powell · 2009 to 2026
$3.7M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesTL1TR000449 · NCATS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI EVANOFF, BRADLEY A · 2012 to 2016
$2.5M
A Multiple Case Study of Implementation as Usual in Children's Mental HealthF31MH098478 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI POWELL, BYRON JAMES · 2012 to 2013
$54k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR000449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000448NCI NIH HHS U54 CA155496NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024992NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092950NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH098478NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH068579NIMH NIH HHS R25 MH080916NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019960
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Implementation strategies have unparalleled importance in implementation science, as they constitute the 'how to' component of changing healthcare practice. Yet, implementation researchers and other stakeholders are not able to fully utilize the findings of studies focusing on implementation strategies because they are often inconsistently labelled and poorly described, are rarely justified theoretically, lack operational definitions or manuals to guide their use, and are part of 'packaged' approaches whose specific elements are poorly understood. We address the challenges of specifying and reporting implementation strategies encountered by researchers who design, conduct, and report research on implementation strategies. Specifically, we propose guidelines for naming, defining, and operationalizing implementation strategies in terms of seven dimensions: actor, the action, action targets, temporality, dose, implementation outcomes addressed, and theoretical justification. Ultimately, implementation strategies cannot be used in practice or tested in research without a full description of their components and how they should be used. As with all intervention research, their descriptions must be precise enough to enable measurement and 'reproducibility.' We propose these recommendations to improve the reporting of implementation strategies in research studies and to stimulate further identification of elements pertinent to implementation strategies that should be included in reporting guidelines for implementation strategies.

Indexed as

Diffusion of InnovationDelivery of Health CareProgram DevelopmentResearch

Identifiers

PMID24289295
PMCPMC3882890

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.