ArticleMaternal and child health journal2014
Maternal caffeine consumption and small for gestational age births: results from a population-based case-control study.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and offspring cord blood DNA methylation: an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis.Epigenomics · 2023Pooled it
- Relationship between maternal caffeine and coffee intake and pregnancy loss: A grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation-assessed, dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal Caffeine Consumption and Pregnancy Outcomes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Periconceptual Caffeine Intake and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Results From the nuMoM2b Cohort.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- The Fetal Effect of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy-A Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and the risk of delivering a small for gestational age baby: Kuopio Birth Cohort.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Associations between prenatal caffeine exposure and child development: Longitudinal results from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Maternal tobacco, alcohol and caffeine consumption during the perinatal period: A prospective cohort study in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Caffeine Intake throughout Pregnancy, and Factors Associated with Non-Compliance with Recommendations: A Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Association of Maternal Caffeine Consumption During Pregnancy With Child Growth.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- P-gp expression inhibition mediates placental glucocorticoid barrier opening and fetal weight loss.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Caffeine use during pregnancy: prevalence of use and newborn consequences in a cohort of French pregnant women.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Article
- Maternal caffeine consumption and pregnancy outcomes: a narrative review with implications for advice to mothers and mothers-to-be.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2021Review
- Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment up to eight years of age-Results from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Association Between Maternal Caffeine Consumption and Metabolism and Neonatal Anthropometry: A Secondary Analysis of the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Effects of excessive tea consumption on pregnancy weight gain and neonatal birth weight.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2021Article
- Can pentoxifylline and similar xanthine derivatives find a niche in COVID-19 therapeutic strategies? A ray of hope in the midst of the pandemic.European journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2020Article
- Association Between Serum Folate Levels and Caffeinated Beverage Consumption in Pregnant Women in Chiba: The Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Biases Inherent in Studies of Coffee Consumption in Early Pregnancy and the Risks of Subsequent Events.Nutrients · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Caffeine is consumed in various forms during pregnancy, has increased half-life during pregnancy and crosses the placental barrier. Small for gestational age (SGA) is an important perinatal outcome and has been associated with long term complications. We examined the association between maternal caffeine intake and SGA using National Birth Defects Prevention Study data. Non-malformed live born infants with an estimated date of delivery from 1997-2007 (n = 7,943) were included in this analysis. Maternal caffeine exposure was examined as total caffeine intake and individual caffeinated beverage type (coffee, tea, and soda); sex-, race/ethnic-, and parity-specific growth curves were constructed to estimate SGA births. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Interaction with caffeine exposures was assessed for maternal smoking, vasoconstrictor medication use, and folic acid. Six hundred forty-eight infants (8.2%) were found to be SGA in this analysis. Increasing aORs were observed for increasing intakes of total caffeine and for each caffeinated beverage with aORs (adjusting for maternal education, high blood pressure, and smoking) ranging from 1.3 to 2.1 for the highest intake categories (300+ mg/day total caffeine and 3+ servings/day for each beverage type). Little indication of additive interaction by maternal smoking, vasoconstrictor medication use, or folic acid intake was observed. We observed an increase in SGA births for mothers with higher caffeine intake, particularly for those consuming 300+ mg of caffeine per day. Increased aORs were also observed for tea intake but were more attenuated for coffee and soda intake.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.