SynthesisNutrients2013
Amino acid profiles in term and preterm human milk through lactation: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of metabolism and safety aspects of monosodium glutamate intake in infants and lactating mothers: a scientific and regulatory perspective.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Branched-chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Aspiration and Evaluation of Gastric Residuals on Intestinal Inflammation, Bleeding, and Gastrointestinal Peptide Level.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Trial
- Role of selected amino acids on plasma IGF-I concentration in infants.European journal of nutrition · 2017Trial
- Longitudinal fecal amino acid profiles in extremely preterm infants: early-life determinants and associations with late-onset sepsis.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Article
- Glutamate: Safe and Adequate Intake Levels for Infants-Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Supplementary parenteral arginine corrects hypoargininaemia and rebalances plasma amino acid profiles in very preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition: A prospective study.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal BCAA overnutrition programs persistent dysglycemia in lean adult offspring.Molecular metabolism · 2026Article
- Unraveling Stage-Specific Metabolites in Human Milk and Their Links to Maternal Physiology: Insights from a Mexican Population.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Exploring Early Childhood Diet, Stress, Trophic Position and Dietary Protein Quality Using Amino Acid Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Fingernail Keratin.American journal of biological anthropology · 2025Article
- Positive Impact of Breastfeeding on Nutritional Status and Metabolic Control in Infants with PKU: A Retrospective Study.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- EM Dipeptide Enhances Milk Protein Secretion: Evidence from Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis.Metabolites · 2025Article
- The role of alpha-lactalbumin in modulating tryptophan metabolism and serotonin synthesis.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- The Role of L-Glutamate as an Umami Substance for the Reduction of Salt Consumption: Lessons from Clinical Trials.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Variations in Human Milk Metabolites After Gestational Diabetes: Associations with Infant Growth.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Breastfeeding and Future Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Health-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Maternal obesity, age and infant sex influence the profiles of amino acids, energetic metabolites, sugars, and fatty acids in human milk.European journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
- A Survey on the Evaluation of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) Taste in Austria.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evolutionary bridges: how factors present in amniotic fluid and human milk help mature the gut.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Amino acid profile is a key aspect of human milk (HM) protein quality. We report a systematic review of total amino acid (TAA) and free amino acid (FAA) profiles, in term and preterm HM derived from 13 and 19 countries, respectively. Of the 83 studies that were critically reviewed, 26 studies with 3774 subjects were summarized for TAA profiles, while 22 studies with 4747 subjects were reviewed for FAA. Effects of gestational age, lactation stage, and geographical region were analyzed by Analysis of Variance. Data on total nitrogen (TN) and TAA composition revealed general inter-study consistency, whereas FAA concentrations varied among studies. TN and all TAA declined in the first two months of lactation and then remained relatively unchanged. In contrast, the FAA glutamic acid and glutamine increased, peaked around three to six months, and then declined. Some significant differences were observed for TAA and FAA, based on gestational age and region. Most regional TAA and FAA data were derived from Asia and Europe, while information from Africa was scant. This systematic review represents a useful evaluation of the amino acid composition of human milk, which is valuable for the assessment of protein quality of breast milk substitutes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.