ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014
Evidence that increased ovarian aromatase activity and expression account for higher estradiol levels in African American compared with Caucasian women.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of race and ethnicity on in vitro fertilization outcomes in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States.F&S reports · 2025Article
- Personal Care and Household Cleaning Product Use among Pregnant Women and New Mothers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Uncovering Evidence: Associations between Environmental Contaminants and Disparities in Women's Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- COVID-19 in Africa: an ovarian victory?Journal of ovarian research · 2021Review
- Gender Differences in Negative Affect During Acute Tobacco Abstinence Differ Between African American and White Adult Cigarette Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Why estrogens matter for behavior and brain health.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Review
- Racial Disparities in Fertility Care: an Analysis of 4537 Intrauterine Insemination Cycles.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2017Article
- Novel correlates between antimüllerian hormone and menstrual cycle characteristics in African-American women (23-35 years-old).Fertility and sterility · 2016Article
- A case-control analysis of smoking and breast cancer in African American women: findings from the AMBER Consortium.Carcinogenesis · 2016Article
- Compensatory Increase in Ovarian Aromatase in Older Regularly Cycling Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Article
- The correlation of aromatase activity and obesity in women with or without polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of ovarian research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextSerum estradiol levels are significantly higher across the menstrual cycle in African American (AAW) compared with Caucasian women (CW) in the presence of similar FSH levels, yet the mechanism underlying this disparity is unknown.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to determine whether higher estradiol levels in AAW are due to increased granulosa cell aromatase mRNA expression and activity.
designThe design of the study included daily blood sampling and dominant follicle aspirations at an academic medical center during a natural menstrual cycle. SUBJECTS: Healthy, normal cycling AAW (n = 15) and CW (n = 14) aged 19-34 years participated in the study.
main outcome measuresHormone levels in peripheral blood and follicular fluid (FF) aspirates and aromatase and FSH receptor mRNA expression in granulosa cells were measured.
resultsAAW had higher FF estradiol [1713.0 (1144.5-2032.5) vs 994.5 (647.3-1426.5) ng/mL; median (interquartile range); P < .001] and estrone [76.9 (36.6-173.4) vs 28.8 (22.5-42.1) ng/mL; P < .001] levels than CW, independent of follicle size. AAW also had lower FF androstenedione to estrone (7 ± 1.8 vs 15.8 ± 4.1; mean ± SE; P = .04) and T to estradiol (0.01 ± 0.002 vs 0.02 ± 0.005; P = .03) ratios, indicating enhanced ovarian aromatase activity. There was a 5-fold increase in granulosa cell aromatase mRNA expression in AAW compared with CW (P < .001) with no difference in expression of FSH receptor. FSH, inhibin A, inhibin B, and AMH levels were not different in AAW and CW.
conclusionsIncreased ovarian aromatase mRNA expression, higher FF estradiol levels, and decreased FF androgen to estrogen ratios in AAW compared with CW provide compelling evidence that racial differences in ovarian aromatase activity contribute to higher levels of estradiol in AAW across the menstrual cycle. The absence of differences in FSH, FSH receptor expression, and AMH suggest that population-specific genetic variation in CYP19, the gene encoding aromatase, or in factors affecting its expression should be sought.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.