ReviewToxins2013
Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: a malevolent molecule for animals and man?
Review in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Milestones in Clostridium perfringens research since 1995.Anaerobe · 2025Review
- Prevalence of epsilon toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens isolates among patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Iran.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Epsilon Toxin fromToxins · 2024Article
- Neck Muscle Hemorrhage in an Alpine Kid Following Enterotoxemia: a New Necropsy Finding.Archives of Razi Institute · 2024Article
- Unveiling the pathogenic mechanisms ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Review
- Article
- Multiple Sclerosis andBiomedicines · 2024Article
- From Foodborne Disease Outbreak (FBDO) to Investigation: The Plant Toxin Trap, Brittany, France, 2018.Toxins · 2023Article
- Use ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Review
- The choanoflagellate pore-forming lectin SaroL-1 punches holes in cancer cells by targeting the tumor-related glycosphingolipid Gb3.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Pathology and Pathogenesis of Brain Lesions Produced byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Immunogenicity of a newly developed vaccine againstVeterinary world · 2022Article
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2022Article
- Infection Dynamics ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Cell death analysis of recombinant mature epsilon toxin on the kidney cell line.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj Reflects its Potential Algicidal Response.Current microbiology · 2021Article
- Phenotypic detection and genotyping ofVeterinary world · 2021Article
- Immunogenicity assessment of Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin epitope-based chimeric construct in mice and rabbit.3 Biotech · 2020Article
- Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin binds to erythrocyte MAL receptors and triggers phosphatidylserine exposure.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a prolific, toxin-producing anaerobe causing multiple diseases in humans and animals. One of these toxins is epsilon, a 33 kDa protein produced by Clostridium perfringens (types B and D) that induces fatal enteric disease of goats, sheep and cattle. Epsilon toxin (Etx) belongs to the aerolysin-like toxin family. It contains three distinct domains, is proteolytically-activated and forms oligomeric pores on cell surfaces via a lipid raft-associated protein(s). Vaccination controls Etx-induced disease in the field. However, therapeutic measures are currently lacking. This review initially introduces C. perfringens toxins, subsequently focusing upon the Etx and its biochemistry, disease characteristics in various animals that include laboratory models (in vitro and in vivo), and finally control mechanisms (vaccines and therapeutics).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.