ReviewNutrients2013
The clinical response to gluten challenge: a review of the literature.
Review in Nutrients, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Different Gluten Doses and Risk of Coeliac Disease Relapse.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple dose, parallel study to investigate the effects of a cathepsin S inhibitor in celiac disease.Clinical and translational science · 2025Trial
- Serum cytokines elevated during gluten-mediated cytokine release in coeliac disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Celiac Disease-Narrative Review on Progress in Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Gluten-Free Diet Adherence Evaluation in Adults with Long-Standing Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- Understanding the patient's experience of coeliac disease diagnosis: a qualitative interview study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024Article
- A Clinician's Guide to Gluten Challenge.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2023Review
- Prevalence of vomiting and nausea and associated factors after chronic and acute gluten exposure in celiac disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Review article: Follow-up of coeliac disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Antibody Responses to Transglutaminase 3 in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: Lessons from Celiac Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Minimal Gluten Exposure Alters Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds in Stable Coeliac Disease.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Activated gut-homing CD8BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Whether a Gluten-Free Diet Should Be Recommended in Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis or Not?-A 12-Month Follow-Up.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self-reported gluten sensitivity.United European gastroenterology journal · 2020Observational
- Coeliac Disease Pathogenesis: The Uncertainties of a Well-Known Immune Mediated Disorder.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- A Pilot Study about Possible Gluten Sensitivity in Korean Urticaria Patients.Annals of dermatology · 2019Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis of celiac GWAS reveals a blood expression signature with diagnostic potential in absence of gluten consumption.Human molecular genetics · 2019Article
- Overcoming challenges in treating autoimmuntity: Development of tolerogenic immune-modifying nanoparticles.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2019Review
- Prospective longitudinal study: use of faecal gluten immunogenic peptides to monitor children diagnosed with coeliac disease during transition to a gluten-free diet.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this review was to identify, evaluate and summarize all relevant studies reporting on the clinical response to gluten challenge by adult or pediatric patients with suspected or diagnosed coeliac disease (CD) on a gluten-free diet. We evaluated the effect of gluten challenge on changes in symptoms, intestinal mucosa histology, and serum antibodies. A systematic electronic search was performed for studies published as of 1966 using PubMed and Scopus databases. In the reviewed studies, doses ranged from 0.2 to 30 g/day of wheat gluten or comprised a gluten-containing diet. The onset of symptoms upon gluten intake varied largely from days to months and did not parallel serum antibody or histological changes. Within 3 months of gluten challenge, 70%-100% of pediatric CD patients became positive for AGA-IgA and EMA-IgA antibodies and 50%-70% for AGA-IgG. A limited number of trials suggest that no more than half of adult patients developed positive AGA-IgA, EMA-IgA, tTG-IgA or DGP-IgA/IgG titers. Approximately 50%-100% of pediatric and adult patients experienced mucosal relapse of gluten provocation within 3 months, which was preceded by increased mucosal intra-epithelial lymphocytes within several days of challenge. A 3-month high-dose gluten challenge should be suitable to diagnose the majority of CD patients. In some cases prolonged challenge may be needed to verify diagnosis. Combination testing for antibodies and mucosal histology may fasten the diagnosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.