ArticleJournal of periodontal research2014
Smoking-related cotinine levels and host responses in chronic periodontitis.
Article in Journal of periodontal research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical periodontal variables in patients with and without dementia-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2018Pooled it
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A study on the association between smoking, periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption in patients with chronic periodontitis based on biomarkers: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Compressive force strengthened the pro-inflammatory effect of zoledronic acid on il-1ß stimulated human periodontal fibroblasts.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Oral and Periodontal Health in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Other Forms of Dementia - A Cross-sectional Pilot Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Article
- Inflammatory biomarkers and growth factors in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of e-cigarette users, cigarette smokers, and dual smokers: A pilot study.Journal of periodontology · 2020Article
- [Research progress in the relationship between Veillonella and oral diseases].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2020Review
- Heterogeneity of human serum antibody responses to P. gingivalis in periodontitis: Effects of age, race/ethnicity, and sex.Immunology letters · 2020Article
- Gender-biased kidney damage in mice following exposure to tobacco cigarette smoke: More protection in premenopausal females.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Periodontal Disease Status among Adults from South Africa-Prevalence and Effect of Smoking.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by opsonizedFASEB bioAdvances · 2019Article
- Effect of tobacco on periodontal disease and oral cancer.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Review
- Chemokine Receptor 2 (Mediators of inflammation · 2019Article
- Ageing effects on humoral immune responses in chronic periodontitis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2018Article
- Cross-talk between clinical and host-response parameters of periodontitis in smokers.Journal of periodontal research · 2017Article
- Integrated biomarker profiling of smokers with periodontitis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2017Article
- sIgA, peroxidase and collagenase in saliva of smokers aggressive periodontal patients.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial research · 2016Article
- Interleukin-10 inhibits bone resorption: a potential therapeutic strategy in periodontitis and other bone loss diseases.BioMed research international · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveSmoking has been reported to increase the risk of periodontal disease by disrupting the balance of immune responses and tissue repair processes; however, this risk varies among smokers. Cotinine levels in saliva are routinely used to measure the level of smoking, and reflect the quantity of nicotine, and other smoking-related xenobiotics that challenge host systems. This study delineated characteristics of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum antibody responses to both periodontal pathogens and commensal bacteria in smokers as they related to cotinine levels. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis case-control study (n = 279) examined salivary inflammatory mediator responses [interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, myeloperoxidase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1], and serum IgG antibody responses to three periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomyce-temcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola) and five commensal oral microorganisms (Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus sanguis, Prevotella loescheii, Actinomyces naeslundii, Capnocytophaga ochracea).
resultsThe patients were stratified into health (n = 30), gingivitis (n = 55) and periodontitis (n = 184); cotinine levels correlated with reported smoking habits in health, less so with gingivitis, and were not correlated in periodontitis. Of the inflammatory mediators/acute phase proteins, only IL-1ß levels were positively associated (p < 0.001) with the pack years and cotinine levels. As might be predicted, patients with periodontitis smoked more (p < 0.001) and had higher levels of cotinine. IL-1ß and antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and T. denticola were significantly higher in the patients with periodontitis than either patients with gingivitis or who were healthy.
conclusionsGenerally, antibody to the pathogens and commensals was lower with decreased cotinine levels. Smoking exacerbated differences in both inflammatory mediators and three antibody in periodontal disease compared to healthy subjects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.