Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24281743›Full record

ReviewJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2014

Hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke in animals and humans.

Glen C Jickling, DaZhi Liu, Boryana Stamova, Bradley P Ander, Xinhua Zhan, Aigang Lu, Frank R Sharp

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07422636 (Integrating Novel NeuroImaging Measurements and Circulating Biomarkers for the Prediction of Secondary Injury foLlowing strokE), which is not on this map. Cited by 294 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
294citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07422636 completednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Integrating Novel NeuroImaging Measurements and Circulating Biomarkers for the Prediction of Secondary Injury foLlowing strokE: From Bench to Bedside - The NIMBLE Study (NIMBLE)

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity of FlorenceRan2021 to 2024Enrolled213ConditionsAcute Ischemic Stroke, Reperfusion Injury, Cerebral Edema, Hemorrhagic Transformation Due to Acute Stroke
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

294 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 528 citations in OpenAlex.

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234 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Glen C JicklingDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
DaZhi LiuDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Boryana StamovaDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Bradley P AnderDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Xinhua ZhanDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
Aigang LuDepartment of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Frank R SharpDepartment of Neurology, MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
University of California, Davis · USUniversity of Cincinnati · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common complication of ischemic stroke that is exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy. Methods to better prevent, predict, and treat HT are needed. In this review, we summarize studies of HT in both animals and humans. We propose that early HT (<18 to 24 hours after stroke onset) relates to leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived MMP-2 that damage the neurovascular unit and promote blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. This contrasts to delayed HT (>18 to 24 hours after stroke) that relates to ischemia activation of brain proteases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and endogenous tissue plasminogen activator), neuroinflammation, and factors that promote vascular remodeling (vascular endothelial growth factor and high-moblity-group-box-1). Processes that mediate BBB repair and reduce HT risk are discussed, including transforming growth factor beta signaling in monocytes, Src kinase signaling, MMP inhibitors, and inhibitors of reactive oxygen species. Finally, clinical features associated with HT in patients with stroke are reviewed, including approaches to predict HT by clinical factors, brain imaging, and blood biomarkers. Though remarkable advances in our understanding of HT have been made, additional efforts are needed to translate these discoveries to the clinic and reduce the impact of HT on patients with ischemic stroke.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomarkersBlood-Brain BarrierBrain IschemiaCerebral HemorrhageEnzyme ActivationHMGB1 ProteinHumansPeptide HydrolasesProtease InhibitorsRisk FactorsSignal Transductionsrc-Family KinasesStrokeThrombolytic TherapyTime FactorsBiomarkersHMGB1 ProteinHMGB1 protein, humanPeptide HydrolasesProtease Inhibitorssrc-Family KinasesTransforming Growth Factor betaVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, human

Identifiers

PMID24281743
PMCPMC3915212
OpenAlexW2018409191

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.