ArticleDemography2014
Cumulative childhood adversity, educational attainment, and active life expectancy among U.S. adults.
Article in Demography, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- ADHD genetic burden associates with older epigenetic age: mediating roles of education, behavioral and sociodemographic factors among older adults.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Pooled it
- A Systematic Literature Review of Studies Analyzing Inequalities in Health Expectancy among the Older Population.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Parental education and children's old-age mortality: Evidence using college expansions.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Unequal embodiment: racial and ethnic heterogeneity in the predictors and age-related health outcomes associated with accelerated biological aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- The role of mothers and fathers in children's health care use.International journal of health economics and management · 2026Article
- Early-life local labor market conditions and old-age male mortality: evidence from deindustrialization of New England textile sector.Journal of demographic economics · 2026Article
- Non-cognitive skills mediate education-related polygenic score associations with academic achievement across development.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural Disadvantage in Adolescence and Biological Aging in Early Midlife.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Early life adversity, educational attainment, and cardiometabolic risk among middle-aged and older adults in the United States.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Lessons in adjusting for genetic confounding in population research on education and health.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Disparities in the Life Course Origins of Dual Functionality.Journal of health and social behavior · 2025Article
- Emerging Adults Report Internal, External, and Social/Environmental Motivations for Weight-Related Self-Monitoring Application Use.Journal of nutrition education and behavior · 2025Article
- Early-Life Lead Exposure and Male Longevity: Evidence from Historical Municipal Water Systems.Explorations in economic history · 2025Article
- Early-life disadvantage and parent-to-child financial transfers.Journal of marriage and the family · 2025Article
- Gene-environment correlation: the role of family environment in academic development.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- From genetic disposition to academic achievement: The mediating role of non-cognitive skills across development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Uneven Impact of Maternal Education at Birth on High School Grades of Black and White Students.Open journal of educational research · 2025Article
- Preteen Suicidal Ideation and Adolescent Academic Well-Being Among Child Welfare-involved Youth.School mental health · 2025Article
- Geographical variation in the long-arm of childhood.Health & place · 2025Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of the early-life origins of adult physical functioning and mortality have found that childhood health and socioeconomic context are important predictors, often irrespective of adult experiences. However, these studies have generally assessed functioning and mortality as distinct processes and used cross-sectional prevalence estimates that neglect the interplay of disability incidence, recovery, and mortality. Here, we examine whether early-life disadvantages both shorten lives and increase the number and fraction of years lived with functional impairment. We also examine the degree to which educational attainment mediates and moderates the health consequences of early-life disadvantages. Using the 1998-2008 Health and Retirement Study, we examine these questions for non-Hispanic whites and blacks aged 50-100 years using multistate life tables. Within levels of educational attainment, adults from disadvantaged childhoods lived fewer total and active years, and spent a greater portion of life impaired compared with adults from advantaged childhoods. Higher levels of education did not ameliorate the health consequences of disadvantaged childhoods. However, because education had a larger impact on health than did childhood socioeconomic context, adults from disadvantaged childhoods who achieved high education levels often had total and active life expectancies that were similar to or better than those of adults from advantaged childhoods who achieved low education levels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.