ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Breastfeeding: a potential excretion route for mothers and implications for infant exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Human Milk: A Systematic Review of Concentrations and Potential Health Implications.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Public health evaluation of PFAS exposures and breastfeeding: a systematic literature review.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Persistent organic pollutants and couple fecundability: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2021Pooled it
- Breastfeeding as a Predictor of Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances in Reproductive-Aged Women and Young Children: A Rapid Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2018Pooled it
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, perceived stress, and miscarriage risk in a cohort of US Black women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2026Article
- Occupational predictors of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in a national biomonitoring survey of adults in Canada.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- An Epidemiologic Review of Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals and Understudied Gynecologic Health Conditions Affecting Quality of Life.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female sexual function in a preconception cohort.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Estimating effects of longitudinal and cumulative exposure to PFAS mixtures on early adolescent body composition.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures during pregnancy and duration of breastfeeding in the New Hampshire birth cohort study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2024Article
- Prenatal and perinatal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated drinking water impacts offspring neurobehavior and development.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Serum of 2 to 5 year-Old Children: Temporal Trends, Determinants, and Correlations with Maternal PFAS Concentrations.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Influence of Area, Age and Sex on Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances Detected in Roe Deer Muscle and Liver from Selected Areas of Northern Italy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Determinants of PFOA Serum Half-Life after End of Exposure: A Longitudinal Study on Highly Exposed Subjects in the Veneto Region.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Plasma concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in pregnancy and breastfeeding duration in Project Viva.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Maternal serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and breastfeeding duration.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Review
- Isomer-Specific Serum Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid among U.S. Adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study (SWAN-MPS).Environmental science & technology · 2023Article
- Estimated Transfer of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Maternal Serum to Breast Milk in Women Highly Exposed from Contaminated Drinking Water: A Study in the Ronneby Mother-Child Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in breast milk has been documented, but their lactational transfer has been rarely studied. Determination of the elimination rates of these chemicals during breastfeeding is important and critical for assessing exposure in mothers and infants.
objectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between breastfeeding and maternal serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS). For a subset of the population, for whom we also have their infants' measurements, we investigated associations of breastfeeding with infant serum PFAA concentrations.
methodsThe present analysis included 633 women from the C8 Science Panel Study who had a child < 3.5 years of age and who provided blood samples and reported detailed information on breastfeeding at the time of survey. PFAA serum concentrations were available for all mothers and 8% (n = 49) of the infants. Maternal and infant serum concentrations were regressed on duration of breastfeeding.
resultsEach month of breastfeeding was associated with lower maternal serum concentrations of PFOA (-3%; 95% CI: -5, -2%), PFOS (-3%; 95% CI: -3, -2%), PFNA (-2%; 95% CI: -2, -1%), and PFHxS (-1%; 95% CI: -2, 0%). The infant PFOA and PFOS serum concentrations were 6% (95% CI: 1, 10%) and 4% (95% CI: 1, 7%) higher per month of breastfeeding.
conclusionsBreast milk is the optimal food for infants, but is also a PFAA excretion route for lactating mothers and exposure route for nursing infants.
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