ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014
Acellular pertussis vaccines protect against disease but fail to prevent infection and transmission in a nonhuman primate model.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03942406 (Phase 2b Study of BPZE1 Intranasal Pertussis Vaccine in Adults to Assess Immunological Response and Safety Profile of 1-Dose), which is not on this map. Cited by 362 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 2b Study of BPZE1 Intranasal Pertussis Vaccine in Adults to Assess Immunological Response and Safety Profile of 1-Dose (Prime) and 2-Doses (Prime+Boost) Schedule, Compared to a Boostrix™ Prime Dose With or Without a BPZE1 Boost Dose
Who cites it
362 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 625 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pertactin deficiency ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Pasteurian Contributions to the Study ofToxins · 2023Pooled it
- Whole-cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Mucosal Immunization Against Pertussis: Lessons From the Past and Perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Guideline
- Distinct early cellular kinetics in participants protected against colonization upon Bordetella pertussis challenge.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Trial
- Controlled Human Infection With Bordetella pertussis Induces Asymptomatic, Immunizing Colonization.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- Live attenuated pertussis vaccine BPZE1 induces a broad antibody response in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Immunological insights into why pertussis continues to be endemic.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Discovery of CD4+ T cell-recognized B. pertussis antigens that reduce airway colonization.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Review
- The Baboon as a Model to Study Human Health and Complex Disease.American journal of primatology · 2026Review
- Quantifying the impact of vaccination on pertussis dynamics in Sweden.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Post-exposure booster vaccination recalls vaccine-induced memory and accelerates Bordetella pertussis clearance in murine lungs and trachea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The role of cytochrome oxidases in bacterial virulence.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Pre-existing antibodies predict protection while mucosal inflammation correlates with symptomaticmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Antibody Correlates of Protection Against Bordetella pertussis in a Controlled Human Infection Model.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A controlled human infection model for symptomatic pertussis in North America using the pertactin-producing clinical isolate D420.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Pertussis toxin-induced lymphocytosis shifts the tumor microenvironment toward immune activation via CXCL9 signaling.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
302 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis rates in the United States have been rising and reached a 50-y high of 42,000 cases in 2012. Although pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we hypothesize that current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines fail to prevent colonization and transmission. To test our hypothesis, infant baboons were vaccinated at 2, 4, and 6 mo of age with aP or whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines and challenged with B. pertussis at 7 mo. Infection was followed by quantifying colonization in nasopharyngeal washes and monitoring leukocytosis and symptoms. Baboons vaccinated with aP were protected from severe pertussis-associated symptoms but not from colonization, did not clear the infection faster than naïve animals, and readily transmitted B. pertussis to unvaccinated contacts. Vaccination with wP induced a more rapid clearance compared with naïve and aP-vaccinated animals. By comparison, previously infected animals were not colonized upon secondary infection. Although all vaccinated and previously infected animals had robust serum antibody responses, we found key differences in T-cell immunity. Previously infected animals and wP-vaccinated animals possess strong B. pertussis-specific T helper 17 (Th17) memory and Th1 memory, whereas aP vaccination induced a Th1/Th2 response instead. The observation that aP, which induces an immune response mismatched to that induced by natural infection, fails to prevent colonization or transmission provides a plausible explanation for the resurgence of pertussis and suggests that optimal control of pertussis will require the development of improved vaccines.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.