Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
The HIV-1 reservoir in eight patients on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy is stable with few genetic changes over time.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 202 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
202 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamics of HIV DNA reservoir seeding in a cohort of superinfected Kenyan women.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- HIV-1 in lymph nodes is maintained by cellular proliferation during antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Size, Composition, and Evolution of HIV DNA Populations during Early Antiretroviral Therapy and Intensification with Maraviroc.Journal of virology · 2018Trial
- No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017Trial
- Broad activation of latent HIV-1 in vivo.Nature communications · 2016Trial
- Article
- CD8ɑ+ cells suppress SIV replication without the development of mutations within MHC class-I-restricted epitopes during post-treatment control.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 virome profiling using HIV-PULSE to guide therapeutic and curative interventions.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Similar Changes in Proviral Landscapes Over 10 Years in 40 Individuals With Diverging HIV Reservoir Dynamics and Viral Load Kinetics.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Single-cell characterization of the gastrointestinal HIV reservoir reveals heterogeneous cellular phenotypes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Dynamics of natural and pharmacologic control of an SIV variant with an envelope trafficking defect.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Differential Effect of Cytokines on CD4+ T-Cell Activation, Metabolism, and Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Variations and evolution of HIV-1 provirus in peripheral blood under the pressure of ART.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- CD8ɑ+ cells suppress SIV replication without evidence of viral immune escape during post treatment control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolution of the HIV-1 integration site landscape and inducible reservoir in early-treated people.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Superinfection promotes replication and diversification of defective HIV-1 proviruses in people with non-suppressible viraemia.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- In vivo detection of antisense HIV-1 transcripts in untreated and ART-treated individuals.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- The utility of nonhuman primate models for understanding acute HIV-1 infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Blood and tissue HIV-1 reservoirs display plasticity and lack of compartmentalization in virally suppressed people.Nature communications · 2025Article
142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The source and dynamics of persistent HIV-1 during long-term combinational antiretroviral therapy (cART) are critical to understanding the barriers to curing HIV-1 infection. To address this issue, we isolated and genetically characterized HIV-1 DNA from naïve and memory T cells from peripheral blood and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) from eight patients after 4-12 y of suppressive cART. Our detailed analysis of these eight patients indicates that persistent HIV-1 in peripheral blood and GALT is found primarily in memory CD4(+) T cells [CD45RO(+)/CD27((+/-))]. The HIV-1 infection frequency of CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood and GALT was higher in patients who initiated treatment during chronic compared with acute/early infection, indicating that early initiation of therapy results in lower HIV-1 reservoir size in blood and gut. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an HIV-1 genetic change between RNA sequences isolated before initiation of cART and intracellular HIV-1 sequences from the T-cell subsets after 4-12 y of suppressive cART in four of the eight patients. However, evolutionary rate analyses estimated no greater than three nucleotide substitutions per gene region analyzed during all of the 4-12 y of suppressive therapy. We also identified a clearly replication-incompetent viral sequence in multiple memory T cells in one patient, strongly supporting asynchronous cell replication of a cell containing integrated HIV-1 DNA as the source. This study indicates that persistence of a remarkably stable population of infected memory cells will be the primary barrier to a cure, and, with little evidence of viral replication, this population could be maintained by homeostatic cell proliferation or other processes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.