ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2014
Metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole central nervous system distribution: 2. cerebrospinal fluid concentration measurements in patients with external ventricular drain.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metronidazole Pharmacokinetics Across Species: Meta-Analysis Integrating Allometric Scaling and Minimal Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.The AAPS journal · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of the Pharmacological Evidence for the Selection of Antimicrobials in Bacterial Infections of the Central Nervous System in Dogs and Cats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Antibiotic Pharmacokinetic Data in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Critically Ill Patients with Uninflamed Meninges.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- Peri-Operative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Modulates CD4Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Blood-Brain Barrier and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Optimization of Antibiotics for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Infections in Adults.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Minimal Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Characterize CNS Distribution of Metronidazole in Neuro Care ICU Patients.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Tissue Penetration of Antimicrobials in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Systematic Review-Part II.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Systemic and Target-Site Pharmacokinetics of Antiparasitic Agents.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2020Review
- Intrathecal Antibacterial and Antifungal Therapies.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2020Review
- Metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole central nervous system distribution: 1. microdialysis assessment of brain extracellular fluid concentrations in patients with acute brain injury.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
- The Occurrence of Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy in Cancer Patients: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study explored metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of brain-injured patients. Four brain-injured patients with external ventricular drain received 500 mg of metronidazole over 0.5 h every 8 h. CSF and blood samples were collected at steady state over 8 h, and the metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole concentrations were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatograph. A noncompartmental analysis was performed. Metronidazole is distributed extensively within CSF, with a mean CSF to unbound plasma AUC0-τ ratio of 86% ± 16%. However, the concentration profiles in CSF were mostly flat compared to the plasma profiles. Hydroxymetronidazole concentrations were much lower than those of metronidazole both in plasma and in CSF, with a corresponding CSF/unbound plasma AUC0-τ ratio of 79% ± 16%. We describe here for the first time in detail the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in CSF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.