ArticleAIDS (London, England)2014
Common clinical conditions - age, low BMI, ritonavir use, mild renal impairment - affect tenofovir pharmacokinetics in a large cohort of HIV-infected women.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decline in Bone Mass With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine Is Associated With Hormonal Changes in the Absence of Renal Impairment When Used by HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Boys and Young Men for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- p16CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2017Trial
- Influence of ABCC2 and ABCC4 polymorphisms on tenofovir plasma concentrations in Thai HIV-infected patients.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Comparing the novel method of assessing PrEP adherence/exposure using hair samples to other pharmacologic and traditional measures.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Predicting immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS using ensemble machine learning: a real-world study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Lamivudine and tenofovir pharmacokinetic variability in people with HIV in Papua New Guinea.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Individualizing Antiretroviral Therapy in the Older Patient.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Severe lactic acidosis during tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and cobicistat combination for HIV patient.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Food Insecurity Is Associated With Low Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in South African Persons With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Use of Tenofovir Diphosphate Levels to Predict Viremia During the Postpartum Period in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): A Nested Case-Control Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Cerebral Vascular Toxicity of Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate and Tenofovir in the Chinese People: Effects of Non-Genetic Factors and Genetic Variations.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2021Article
- A Comparison of Plasma Efavirenz and Tenofovir, Dried Blood Spot Tenofovir-Diphosphate, and Self-Reported Adherence to Predict Virologic Suppression Among South African Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots Is Strongly Associated With Viral Suppression in Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Observational
- Article
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate discontinuation for renal outcomes: any room for treatment personalization?The pharmacogenomics journal · 2019Article
- Cohort Profile: The Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Evaluating the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with tenofovir exposure in a diverse prospective cohort of women living with HIV.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2018Article
- Ledipasvir and tenofovir drug interaction in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus coinfected patients: Impact on tenofovir trough concentrations and renal safety.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Observational
- Prevalence and factors associated with renal dysfunction in patients on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral regimens for HIV infection in Southern India.Journal of virus eradication · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTenofovir is used commonly in HIV treatment and prevention settings, but factors that correlate with tenofovir exposure in real-world settings are unknown.
designIntensive pharmacokinetic studies of tenofovir in a large, diverse cohort of HIV-infected women over 24 h at steady state were performed and factors that influenced exposure [assessed by areas under the concentration-time curves (AUCs)] identified.
methodsHIV-infected women (n = 101) on tenofovir-based therapy underwent intensive 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling. Data on race/ethnicity, age, exogenous steroid use, menstrual cycle phase, concomitant medications, recreational drugs and/or tobacco, hepatic and renal function, weight, and BMI were collected. Multivariable models using forward stepwise selection identified factors associated with effects on AUC. Glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) prior to starting tenofovir were estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation using both creatinine and cystatin-C measures.
resultsThe median (range) of tenofovir AUCs was 3350 (1031-13 911) ng × h/ml. Higher AUCs were associated with concomitant ritonavir use (1.33-fold increase, P = 0.002), increasing age (1.21-fold increase per decade, P = 0.0007), and decreasing BMI (1.04-fold increase per 10% decrease in BMI). When GFR was calculated using cystatin-C measures, mild renal insufficiency prior to tenofovir initiation was associated with higher subsequent exposure (1.35-fold increase when pre-tenofovir GFR <70 ml/min, P = 0.0075).
conclusionConcomitant ritonavir use, increasing age, decreasing BMI, and lower GFR prior to tenofovir initiation as estimated by cystatin C were all associated with elevated tenofovir exposure in a diverse cohort of HIV-infected women. Clinicians treating HIV-infected women should be aware of common clinical conditions that affect tenofovir exposure when prescribing this medication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.