ReviewJournal of neurology2014
Update on the diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica: recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS).
Review in Journal of neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 242 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Annual Relapse Rate, Expanded Disability Status Scale, and Side Effects Between Azathioprine and Rituximab in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Protein A Immunoadsorption for the Treatment of Acute Episodes of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder：A Multicenter, Open-label, Superiority, Randomised Trial
A Comparative Clinical Effectiveness Trial of Rituximab Versus Ravulizumab, Inebilizumab, Satralizumab and Eculizumab To Prevent Relapses in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Who cites it
242 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Movement Disorders in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Pooled it
- Recommendations on neurologic, cognitive, and psychiatric manifestations in patients with Sjögren's disease by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Guideline
- Anti-IL-6 Therapies for Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review of Safety and Efficacy.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Serum Tumor Markers in Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes: A Systematic Review of Guidelines.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis (Schilder's disease) is immunologically distinct from multiple sclerosis: results from retrospective analysis of 92 lumbar punctures.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Pooled it
- Serum neurofilament light chain levels at attack predict post-attack disability worsening and are mitigated by inebilizumab: analysis of four potential biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein: A Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Biomarker.Annals of neurology · 2021Trial
- Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab versus azathioprine in highly relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (TANGO): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Neurology · 2020Trial
- Comparison of the efficacy of azathioprine and rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a randomized clinical trial.Journal of neurology · 2017Trial
- Placebo-controlled study in neuromyelitis optica-Ethical and design considerations.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2016Trial
- Comparative Evaluation of Rituximab Versus Approved Therapies in Aquaporin-4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Early rituximab and structured rehabilitation drive rapid functional restoration in steroid- and PLEX-refractory NMOSD: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- A case of relapsing NMOSD initially mimicking radiation myelopathy: diagnostic challenge and eculizumab add-on therapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Endothelial cell-secreted SPARC suppresses astrocytic CD59 expression and promotes astrocytopathy in a mouse model of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder overlapping with Sjögren's disease: immunopathological links and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The clinical profile and therapeutic outcome of patients diagnosed with "atypical" optic neuritis.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- Factors for Rituximab Refractoriness in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD: A Cohort Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Rituximab as First-Line Compared to Escalation Immunotherapy Is Associated With Lower Disability Accumulation in Aquaporin-4-IgG-Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Multicenter Cohort Study From Germany and the United Kingdom.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Impact of Treatment Delay and Prognostic Factors in Acute Myelitis of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
182 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic's syndrome), long considered a clinical variant of multiple sclerosis, is now regarded as a distinct disease entity. Major progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of NMO since aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab; also termed NMO-IgG) were first described in 2004. In this review, the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) summarizes recently obtained knowledge on NMO and highlights new developments in its diagnosis and treatment, based on current guidelines, the published literature and expert discussion at regular NEMOS meetings. Testing of AQP4-Ab is essential and is the most important test in the diagnostic work-up of suspected NMO, and helps to distinguish NMO from other autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, AQP4-Ab testing has expanded our knowledge of the clinical presentation of NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSD). In addition, imaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord, are obligatory in the diagnostic workup. It is important to note that brain lesions in NMO and NMOSD are not uncommon, do not rule out the diagnosis, and show characteristic patterns. Other imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography are proposed as useful tools in the assessment of retinal damage. Therapy of NMO should be initiated early. Azathioprine and rituximab are suggested as first-line treatments, the latter being increasingly regarded as an established therapy with long-term efficacy and an acceptable safety profile in NMO patients. Other immunosuppressive drugs, such as methotrexate, mycophenolate mofetil and mitoxantrone, are recommended as second-line treatments. Promising new therapies are emerging in the form of anti-IL6 receptor, anti-complement or anti-AQP4-Ab biologicals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.