ArticleClinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association2014
Iron deficiency in patients with nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease is associated with obesity, female gender, and low serum hepcidin.
Article in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron Status and NAFLD among European Populations: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Culturally adapted hypocaloric diet improves hepatic steatosis, inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers in Egyptian MASLD patients: a single-arm interventional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Trial
- Ferroptosis in liver biology and diseases.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Co-occurrence patterns and related risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Investigating the Association Between Anemia and Biochemical Factors in Relation to New Anthropometric Metrics in an Iranian Cohort: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Intermittent oral administration of iron oxide nanoparticles modulates iron homeostasis, hematological, inflammatory, and organ-specific responses in iron-deficient rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Serum Samples in Ovulatory Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Construction of a Protein Interaction Pathway.The protein journal · 2025Article
- Dietary Iron Supplementation Protects Against Growth Restriction and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Perinatal Cadmium-Exposed Mice.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and management of metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease in South Asians- A clinical review.Obesity pillars · 2024Review
- Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and Anemia in US adults.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anemia and its association with glycemia and transaminitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional pilot study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- A high reticulocyte count is a risk factor for the onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Cross-sectional and prospective studies of data of 310,091 individuals from the UK Biobank.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Crucial Parameters in Diabesity-Related Liver Fibrosis: A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Factors Associated With the Development and Severity of Polycystic Liver in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: where do we stand today?Archives of medical science : AMS · 2023Article
- Acetyl-CoA Deficiency Is Involved in the Regulation of Iron Overload on Lipid Metabolism in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fatty Liver Index is a valid predictor of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pregnancy.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Association of Habitual Dietary Intake with Liver Iron-A Population-Based Imaging Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Iron supplementation regulates the progression of high fat diet induced obesity and hepatic steatosis via mitochondrial signaling pathways.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Serum iron and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced hepatic fibrosis in US adults.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsIron deficiency is often observed in obese individuals. The iron regulatory hormone hepcidin is regulated by iron and cytokines interleukin (IL) 6 and IL1β. We examine the relationship between obesity, circulating levels of hepcidin, and IL6 and IL1β, and other risk factors in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with iron deficiency.
methodsWe collected data on 675 adult subjects (>18 years old) enrolled in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network. Subjects with transferrin saturation <20% were categorized as iron deficient, whereas those with transferrin saturation ≥20% were classified as iron normal. We assessed clinical, demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, dietary, and histologic data from patients, and serum levels of hepcidin and cytokines IL6 and IL1β. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to identify risk factors for iron deficiency.
resultsOne-third of patients (231 of 675; 34%) were iron deficient. Obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome were more common in subjects with iron deficiency (P < .01), compared with those that were iron normal. Serum levels of hepcidin were significantly lower in subjects with iron deficiency (61 ± 45 vs 81 ± 51 ng/mL; P < .0001). Iron deficiency was significantly associated with female gender, obesity, increased body mass index and waist circumference, presence of diabetes, lower alcohol consumption, black or American Indian/Alaska Native race (P ≤ .018), and increased levels of IL6 and IL1β (6.6 vs 4.8 for iron normal, P ≤ .0001; and 0.45 vs 0.32 for iron normal, P ≤ .005).
conclusionsIron deficiency is prevalent in patients with NAFLD and associated with female gender, increased body mass index, and nonwhite race. Serum levels of hepcidin were lower in iron-deficient subjects, reflecting an appropriate physiologic response to decreased circulating levels of iron, rather than a primary cause of iron deficiency in the setting of obesity and NAFLD.
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