Trial reportMetabolism: clinical and experimental2014
No effect of caloric restriction on salivary cortisol levels in overweight men and women.
Trial report in Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparing exercise modalities during caloric restriction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis on body composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Influence of Fasting and Energy Restricting Diets on Blood Pressure in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2020Pooled it
- Is Caloric Restriction Associated with Better Healthy Aging Outcomes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Use of Salivary Diurnal Cortisol as an Outcome Measure in Randomised Controlled Trials: a Systematic Review.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Intermittent Fasting Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects by Restoring HPA Axis Homeostasis Through Coordinated GR-MR Signaling.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Changes in Lean Tissue Mass, Fat Mass, Biological Parameters and Resting Energy Expenditure over 24 Months Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The Effects of Physical Exercise on Saliva Composition: A Comprehensive Review.Dentistry journal · 2022Review
- Effects of Health Behavior Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes and Cortisol Regulation Among Chronically Stressed Midlife and Older Adults.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations in healthy cats before and after weight gain and weight loss.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- NutrimiRAging: Micromanaging Nutrient Sensing Pathways through Nutrition to Promote Healthy Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Antecedent longitudinal changes in body mass index are associated with diurnal cortisol curve features: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2017Article
- Caloric Restriction Normalizes Obesity-Induced Alterations on Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Growth Signaling.Lipids · 2016Article
- The Role of Steroid Hormones in the Modulation of Neuroinflammation by Dietary Interventions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2016Review
- New research developments and insights from Metabolism.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2015Article
- Effects of caloric restriction and low glycemic index diets associated with metformin on glucose metabolism and cortisol response in overweight/obese subjects: a case series study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe effect of weight loss by diet or diet and exercise on salivary cortisol levels, a measure of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activity, in overweight individuals is not known. The objective was to test the hypothesis that 24 weeks of moderate caloric restriction (CR) (25%) by diet or diet and aerobic exercise would alter morning and diurnal salivary cortisol levels. DESIGN AND
settingRandomized control trial in an institutional research center.
participantsThirty-five overweight (BMI: 27.8±0.7 kg/m(2)) but otherwise healthy participants (16 M/19 F).
interventionParticipants were randomized to either calorie restriction (CR: 25% reduction in energy intake, n=12), calorie restriction+exercise (CR+EX: 12.5% reduction in energy intake+12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure, n=12) or control (healthy weight-maintenance diet, n=11) for 6 months.
main outcome measureSalivary cortisol measured at 8:00, 8:30, 11:00, 11:30, 12:30, 13:00, 16:00 and 16:30. Morning cortisol was defined as the mean cortisol concentration at 08:00 and 08:30. Diurnal cortisol was calculated as the mean of the 8 cortisol measures across the day.
resultsIn the whole cohort, higher morning and diurnal cortisol levels were associated with impaired insulin sensitivity (morning: P=0.004, r(2)=0.24; diurnal: P=0.02, r(2)=0.15). Using mixed model analysis, there was no significant effect of group, time or sex on morning or diurnal cortisol levels.
conclusionA 10% weight loss with a 25% CR diet alone or with exercise did not impact morning or diurnal salivary cortisol levels.
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