Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24265439›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2014

Changes in malaria parasite drug resistance in an endemic population over a 25-year period with resulting genomic evidence of selection.

Davis C Nwakanma, Craig W Duffy, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Eniyou C Oriero, Kalifa A Bojang, Margaret Pinder, Chris J Drakeley, Colin J Sutherland, Paul J Milligan, Bronwyn Macinnis and 4 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. An open dataset ofWellcome open research · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Development of PotentJournal of medicinal chemistry · 2020
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. SustainedAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Davis C NwakanmaMedical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia.
Craig W Duffy
Alfred Amambua-Ngwa
Eniyou C Oriero
Kalifa A Bojang
Margaret Pinder
Chris J Drakeley
Colin J Sutherland
Paul J Milligan
Bronwyn Macinnis
Dominic P Kwiatkowski
Taane G Clark
Brian M Greenwood
David J Conway
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBMRC Unit the Gambia · GMWellcome Sanger Institute · GB

Funding

European Research Council 294428Medical Research Council G0600718Medical Research Council G1100123Medical Research Council MC_EX_MR/K02440X/1Medical Research Council MC_U190081987Medical Research Council MC_U190092708Medical Research Council MC_UP_A900_1118Medical Research Council MR/K012126/1PHS HHS G0600718PHS HHS G1100123Wellcome Trust 074695/Z/04/BWellcome Trust 090532Wellcome Trust 090770Wellcome Trust 090770/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 098051
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAnalysis of genome-wide polymorphism in many organisms has potential to identify genes under recent selection. However, data on historical allele frequency changes are rarely available for direct confirmation.

methodsWe genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes in 668 archived parasite-positive blood samples of a Gambian population between 1984 and 2008. This covered a period before antimalarial resistance was detected locally, through subsequent failure of multiple drugs until introduction of artemisinin combination therapy. We separately performed genome-wide sequence analysis of 52 clinical isolates from 2008 to prospect for loci under recent directional selection.

resultsResistance alleles increased from very low frequencies, peaking in 2000 for chloroquine resistance-associated crt and mdr1 genes and at the end of the survey period for dhfr and dhps genes respectively associated with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine resistance. Temporal changes fit a model incorporating likely selection coefficients over the period. Three of the drug resistance loci were in the top 4 regions under strong selection implicated by the genome-wide analysis.

conclusionsGenome-wide polymorphism analysis of an endemic population sample robustly identifies loci with detailed documentation of recent selection, demonstrating power to prospectively detect emerging drug resistance genes.

Indexed as

Drug ResistanceSelection, GeneticAllelesAntimalarialsDNA, ProtozoanGambiaGenome, ProtozoanGenotypeHumansMalaria, FalciparumPlasmodium falciparumPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSequence Analysis, DNAAntimalarialsDNA, Protozoanarchival analysisgenomic surveillancepolicy and practicepopulation geneticsresistance monitoring

Identifiers

PMID24265439
PMCPMC3952670
OpenAlexW2162594102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.