ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2013
The intestinal microbiota modulates the anticancer immune effects of cyclophosphamide.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,163 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase Ib-IIA Study of Combined Check Point Inhibition After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
Prevention of Irinotecan Induced Diarrhea by Probiotics: A Phase III Study
Phase I Study of Single-agent and Combined Checkpoint Inhibition After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients at High Risk for Post-transplant Recurrence
A Phase II Trial of the Anti -PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone as Post Autologous Transplant Consolidation in Patients With High-risk Multiple Myeloma
Pembrolizumab in Combination With Xelox Bevacizumab in Patients With Microsatellite Stable Mestatic Colorectal Cancer and a High Immune Infiltrate : a Proof of Concept Study
Presurgical Treatment With Ribociclib and Letrozole in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: the NEOLETRIB Study.
Who cites it
1,163 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,967 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal tumors: insights from a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiome of Pembrolizumab-Treated Non-Small Lung Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Controls Characterized Through Opportunistic Sampling.Thoracic cancer · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Microbiota as a modulator of drug response: targeting microbial-drug crosstalk in cancer therapy.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota translocation and dissemination in health: can it be beneficial and purposeful?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Precision Exercise for Breast Cancer-Related Outcomes: Towards Personalised Training Based on Tumour, Treatment and Patient Characteristics.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Role of the Gut Microbiome in Natural and Synthetic Drug Efficacy and Safety: A Narrative Review.Applied microbiology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Microbiota-Based Therapeutics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Peptidoglycan Suppresses Melanoma Growth in a Murine Model with Local Immune Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Protective effects of Bacillus clausii in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and intestinal mucositis in rats: histopathological and inflammatory evaluation.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacomicrobiomics: From Host-Microbiome-Drug Interactions to Clinical Translation in Precision Medicine.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Platycodon grandiflorum and Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced tracheal mucosal barrier injury in broilers by modulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Detection of Pathogens in the Gut Microbiome Prior to Bloodstream Infection in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Cyclophosphamide alters gut microbiota metabolism and structure in lymphoma-bearing mice: implications for dietary modulation.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The Dual Role of the Gut Microbiota in Cancer Chemoresistance.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Association between antibiotic use and pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Article
- Depression remodels tumor microenvironment to drive tumor progression: Bio-behavioural signalling pathways and clinical interventions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- The gut microbiota of hepato-pancreatico-biliary and gastric cancer patients is altered in composition and functionality.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- The role of the microbiota in hematological malignancies: A narrative review of mechanisms and therapeutic potential.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Metagenomic and Metabolomic Correlates of Immunotherapy Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Research square · 2026Article
1,103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is one of several clinically important cancer drugs whose therapeutic efficacy is due in part to their ability to stimulate antitumor immune responses. Studying mouse models, we demonstrate that cyclophosphamide alters the composition of microbiota in the small intestine and induces the translocation of selected species of Gram-positive bacteria into secondary lymphoid organs. There, these bacteria stimulate the generation of a specific subset of "pathogenic" T helper 17 (pT(H)17) cells and memory T(H)1 immune responses. Tumor-bearing mice that were germ-free or that had been treated with antibiotics to kill Gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction in pT(H)17 responses, and their tumors were resistant to cyclophosphamide. Adoptive transfer of pT(H)17 cells partially restored the antitumor efficacy of cyclophosphamide. These results suggest that the gut microbiota help shape the anticancer immune response.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.