ArticleRetrovirology2013
Dual inhibition of HIV-1 replication by integrase-LEDGF allosteric inhibitors is predominant at the post-integration stage.
Article in Retrovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers.
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84 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Beyond the Active Site: The Discovery and Development of Allosteric Integrase Inhibitors.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- The LEDGIN GS-9822 inhibits HIV-2 infection and enhances HIV-2 latency.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- 2-(Trihydroxyphenyl)thienopyrimidinones as Key Scaffolds for Targeting a Novel Allosteric Site of HIV-1 Integrase.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Oligomeric HIV-1 integrase structures reveal functional plasticity for intasome assembly and RNA binding.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structural Impact of Ex Vivo Resistance Mutations on HIV-1 Integrase Polymers Induced by Allosteric Inhibitors.Journal of molecular biology · 2025Article
- Retrointegration2023-Papers from the 7th International Conference on Retroviral Integration.Viruses · 2025Article
- Exploring Zinc C295 as a Dual HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor: From Strand Transfer to 3'-Processing Suppression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Optimizing the Multimerization Properties of Quinoline-Based Allosteric HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors.Viruses · 2024Review
- The structural and mechanistic bases for the viral resistance to allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitor pirmitegravir.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Integrase Inhibition Activity by Spiroketals Derived fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Biological and Structural Analyses of New Potent Allosteric Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- GS-9822, a preclinical LEDGIN candidate, displays a block-and-lock phenotype in cell culture.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Structure of a HIV-1 IN-Allosteric inhibitor complex at 2.93 Å resolution: Routes to inhibitor optimization.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- The Drug-Induced Interface That Drives HIV-1 Integrase Hypermultimerization and Loss of Function.mBio · 2023Article
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- Allosteric Integrase Inhibitor Influences on HIV-1 Integration and Roles of LEDGF/p75 and HDGFL2 Host Factors.Viruses · 2022Article
- Multimodal Functionalities of HIV-1 Integrase.Viruses · 2022Review
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLEDGF/p75 (LEDGF) is the main cellular cofactor of HIV-1 integrase (IN). It acts as a tethering factor for IN, and targets the integration of HIV in actively transcribed gene regions of chromatin. A recently developed class of IN allosteric inhibitors can inhibit the LEDGF-IN interaction.
resultsWe describe a new series of IN-LEDGF allosteric inhibitors, the most active of which is Mut101. We determined the crystal structure of Mut101 in complex with IN and showed that the compound binds to the LEDGF-binding pocket, promoting conformational changes of IN which explain at the atomic level the allosteric effect of the IN/LEDGF interaction inhibitor on IN functions. In vitro, Mut101 inhibited both IN-LEDGF interaction and IN strand transfer activity while enhancing IN-IN interaction. Time of addition experiments indicated that Mut101 behaved as an integration inhibitor. Mut101 was fully active on HIV-1 mutants resistant to INSTIs and other classes of anti-HIV drugs, indicative that this compound has a new mode of action. However, we found that Mut101 also displayed a more potent antiretroviral activity at a post-integration step. Infectivity of viral particles produced in presence of Mut101 was severely decreased. This latter effect also required the binding of the compound to the LEDGF-binding pocket.
conclusionMut101 has dual anti-HIV-1 activity, at integration and post-integration steps of the viral replication cycle, by binding to a unique target on IN (the LEDGF-binding pocket). The post-integration block of HIV-1 replication in virus-producer cells is the mechanism by which Mut101 is most active as an antiretroviral. To explain this difference between Mut101 antiretroviral activity at integration and post-integration stages, we propose the following model: LEDGF is a nuclear, chromatin-bound protein that is absent in the cytoplasm. Therefore, LEDGF can outcompete compound binding to IN in the nucleus of target cells lowering its antiretroviral activity at integration, but not in the cytoplasm where post-integration production of infectious viral particles takes place.
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