Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24259309›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2013

Reduction and expansion in microsporidian genome evolution: new insights from comparative genomics.

Sirintra Nakjang, Tom A Williams, Eva Heinz, Andrew K Watson, Peter G Foster, Kacper M Sendra, Sarah E Heaps, Robert P Hirt, T Martin Embley

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
90citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

90 citing papers in PubMed, 204 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The Origin and Early Evolution of Fungi: Challenges, Inferences, and Principles.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2026
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  15. The interaction ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  17. A miR-JL-5 inhibitor modulates the proliferation ofFrontiers in insect science · 2025
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  20. Microsporidian EnP1 alters host cell H2B monoubiquitination and prevents ferroptosis facilitating microsporidia survival.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article

30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sirintra NakjangInstitute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, United Kingdom.
Tom A Williams
Eva Heinz
Andrew K Watson
Peter G Foster
Kacper M Sendra
Sarah E Heaps
Robert P Hirt
T Martin Embley
Newcastle University · GBMelbourne Bioinformatics · AUNatural History Museum · GB

Funding

European Research Council 268701Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 045404
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microsporidia are an abundant group of obligate intracellular parasites of other eukaryotes, including immunocompromised humans, but the molecular basis of their intracellular lifestyle and pathobiology are poorly understood. New genomes from a taxonomically broad range of microsporidians, complemented by published expression data, provide an opportunity for comparative analyses to identify conserved and lineage-specific patterns of microsporidian genome evolution that have underpinned this success. In this study, we infer that a dramatic bottleneck in the last common microsporidian ancestor (LCMA) left a small conserved core of genes that was subsequently embellished by gene family expansion driven by gene acquisition in different lineages. Novel expressed protein families represent a substantial fraction of sequenced microsporidian genomes and are significantly enriched for signals consistent with secretion or membrane location. Further evidence of selection is inferred from the gain and reciprocal loss of functional domains between paralogous genes, for example, affecting transport proteins. Gene expansions among transporter families preferentially affect those that are located on the plasma membrane of model organisms, consistent with recruitment to plug conserved gaps in microsporidian biosynthesis and metabolism. Core microsporidian genes shared with other eukaryotes are enriched in orthologs that, in yeast, are highly expressed, highly connected, and often essential, consistent with strong negative selection against further reduction of the conserved gene set since the LCMA. Our study reveals that microsporidian genome evolution is a highly dynamic process that has balanced constraint, reductive evolution, and genome expansion during adaptation to an extraordinarily successful obligate intracellular lifestyle.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenome, FungalAnimalsBacteriaCell LineageChromosome MappingDatabases, GeneticGenetic VariationGene Transfer, HorizontalGenomicsHexokinaseHost-Parasite InteractionsHSP90 Heat-Shock ProteinsHumansMetalloproteasesMicrosporidiaHexokinaseHSP90 Heat-Shock ProteinsMetalloproteasesPeptidoglycan Glycosyltransferaseevolutiongene duplicationgenome reductionintracellular parasitesMicrosporidianovel gene families

Identifiers

PMID24259309
PMCPMC3879972
OpenAlexW2132691169

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.