ReviewJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2014
Reviewing the ketamine model for schizophrenia.
Review in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of ultra-high field glutamate, glutamine, GABA and glutathione 1HMRS in psychosis: Implications for studies of psychosis risk.Schizophrenia research · 2020Pooled it
- Pre-frontal parvalbumin interneurons in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of post-mortem studies.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Pooled it
- Acute effects of intranasal esketamine application on thalamic structures in healthy individuals.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Functional connectivity signatures of NMDAR dysfunction in schizophrenia-integrating findings from imaging genetics and pharmaco-fMRI.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Ketamine modulates fronto-striatal circuitry in depressed and healthy individuals.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Effects of ketamine and midazolam on resting state connectivity and comparison with ENIGMA connectivity deficit patterns in schizophrenia.Human brain mapping · 2020Trial
- A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of TAK-063 on ketamine-induced changes in fMRI BOLD signal in healthy subjects.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Reduced auditory evoked gamma-band response and schizophrenia-like clinical symptoms under subanesthetic ketamine.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- A sub-set of psychoactive effects may be critical to the behavioral impact of ketamine on cocaine use disorder: Results from a randomized, controlled laboratory study.Neuropharmacology · 2018Trial
- Pharmacological fMRI: Effects of subanesthetic ketamine on resting-state functional connectivity in the default mode network, salience network, dorsal attention network and executive control network.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2018Trial
- Ketamine influences the locus coeruleus norepinephrine network, with a dependency on norepinephrine transporter genotype - a placebo controlled fMRI study.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2018Trial
- Effects of ketamine on brain function during smooth pursuit eye movements.Human brain mapping · 2016Trial
- Ketamine attenuates anxiety-like behavior and oxidative imbalance in the maternal immune activation model: emphasis on the cerebellum.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic-like effects of TAAR1 agonists and D2 receptor blockers are mediated through distinct modulation of striatal neuronal dynamics.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Targeting beta-2 adrenergic receptor attenuates schizophrenia-like behavioral effects induced by ketamine in mice: cAMP/PKA/BDNF-PEA-3 and RIM-1α signaling pathways involvement.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Article
- Pharmacological MRI: Utility in Understanding Drug Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Review
- Review
- Sex, drugs, and arousal-two randomized trials on the effects of ketamine on sexual arousal and calcarine gyrus activity.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Esketamine in depression: putative biomarkers from clinical research.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Large-scale maps of altered cortical dynamics in early-stage psychosis are related to GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission.Science advances · 2025Article
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The observation that antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), such as phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine, transiently induce symptoms of acute schizophrenia had led to a paradigm shift from dopaminergic to glutamatergic dysfunction in pharmacological models of schizophrenia. The glutamate hypothesis can explain negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia better than the dopamine hypothesis, and has the potential to explain dopamine dysfunction itself. The pharmacological and psychomimetic effects of ketamine, which is safer for human subjects than phencyclidine, are herein reviewed. Ketamine binds to a variety of receptors, but principally acts at the NMDAR, and convergent genetic and molecular evidence point to NMDAR hypofunction in schizophrenia. Furthermore, NMDAR hypofunction can explain connectional and oscillatory abnormalities in schizophrenia in terms of both weakened excitation of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons that synchronize cortical networks and disinhibition of principal cells. Individuals with prenatal NMDAR aberrations might experience the onset of schizophrenia towards the completion of synaptic pruning in adolescence, when network connectivity drops below a critical value. We conclude that ketamine challenge is useful for studying the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms, dopaminergic and GABAergic dysfunction, age of onset, functional dysconnectivity, and abnormal cortical oscillations observed in acute schizophrenia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.