ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2014
Assessment of pregnancy status of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) by measurement of progestagen and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces, using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why not both? A case study in measuring cortisol and corticosterone.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Potential contribution of alpha-fetoprotein level to biomarker of pregnancy outcome in Asian elephants.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Nailing it: Investigation of elephant toenails for retrospective analysis of adrenal and reproductive hormones.Conservation physiology · 2024Article
- Physiological plasticity in elephants: highly dynamic glucocorticoids in African and Asian elephants.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Seasonal patterns of oxidative stress markers in captive Asian elephants in Thailand and relationships to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus shedding.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Characterization of Longitudinal Testosterone, Cortisol, and Musth in Male Asian Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Relationship among Serum Progestagens, Cortisol, and Prolactin in Pregnant and Cycling Asian Elephants in Thailand.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Study of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites in captive Asian elephants in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.Veterinary world · 2022Article
- Impact of Chronic Prenatal Stress on Maternal Neuroendocrine Function and Embryo and Placenta Development During Early-to-Mid-Pregnancy in Mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Multi-year progesterone profiles during pregnancy in baleen of humpback whales (Conservation physiology · 2021Article
- Biological and environmental factors associated with the detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
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- Pregnancy stage determines the effect of chronic stress on ovarian progesterone synthesis.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Article
- Stress and body condition are associated with climate and demography in Asian elephants.Conservation physiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study was to find patterns of progestagen (progesterone and its metabolite) and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces of pregnant Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The 5 female Asian domestic elephants were naturally mated until pregnancy. After that, blood and feces samples were collected monthly during pregnancy for progestagen, glucocorticoid and their metabolites analysis by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The results showed the serum progestagen concentration during gestation was 2.11 ± 0.60 to 18.44 ± 2.28 ng/ml. Overall, serum progestagen concentration rose from the 1st month to reach peak in the 11th month, after which it declined to its lowest level in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Fecal progestagen concentration varied from 1.18 ± 0.54 to 3.35 ± 0.45 µg/g during pregnancy. In general, fecal progestagen concentration increased from the 1st month to its highest level in the 12th month. After this, it declined reaching its lowest point in the 22nd month of pregnancy. Glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentrations both in serum and feces fluctuated from low to medium throughout almost the entire pregnancy period and then rapidly increased around the last week before calving. Our study suggests that this profile of progestagen and glucocorticoid hormones and their metabolite concentration levels in serum and feces can be used to assess the pregnancy status of Asian elephants. If serum and fecal progestagen concentrations were found in very low levels and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations were found in very high levels, it was indicated that the cow elephant would calve within 7 days.
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