ArticleToxins2013
Impact of antidepressants on cytokine production of depressed patients in vitro.
Article in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04748523 (Effect of Mirtazapine Versus Placebo on Appetite, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Non-small Cell Lung cáncer Patients With Anorexia; Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.), which is not on this map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Mirtazapine Versus Placebo on Appetite, Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Non-small Cell Lung cáncer Patients With Anorexia; Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of the interleukin-23/Th17 axis in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?Psychopharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Proteomics profiling reveals inflammatory biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response: Findings from the CO-MED trial.Journal of psychiatric research · 2017Trial
- In Vitro Investigation of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Antidepressant Drugs on Adipose Tissue in 3T3-L1 Cells.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2026Article
- Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cytokine concentrations in people with eating disorders: A comprehensive updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Aloysia citriodora in animals subjected to childhood stress.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Antidepressants on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and their Underlying Mechanism.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Hydroalcoholic Extract of Centella asiatica and Madecassic Acid Reverse Depressive-Like Behaviors, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats Submitted to Stress in Early Life.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Transdiagnostic Associations between Anger Hostility and Chemokine Interferon-gamma Inducible Protein 10.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Depression, Cancer, Inflammation, and Endogenous Opioids: Pathogenic Relationships and Therapeutic Options.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Article
- Pilot study of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression for treatment response to escitalopram in panic disorder.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2022Article
- The Relationship between Stress, Inflammation, and Depression.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
- Combination of electroconvulsive stimulation with ketamine or escitalopram protects the brain against inflammation and oxidative stress induced by maternal deprivation and is critical for associated behaviors in male and female rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Antidepressants Usage and Risk of Pneumonia Among Elderly Patients With the Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Gut microbiota, innate immune pathways, and inflammatory control mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Gut Bacteria and Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interplay between immune and nervous systems plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of depression. In depressive episodes, patients show increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. There is limited information on the effect of antidepressant drugs on cytokines, most studies report on a limited sample of cytokines and none have reported effects on IL-22. We systematically investigated the effect of three antidepressant drugs, citalopram, escitalopram and mirtazapine, on secretion of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α in a whole blood assay in vitro, using murine anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5C3 monoclonal antibody against CD40, to stimulate T and B cells respectively. Citalopram increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-22. Mirtazapine increased IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22. Escitalopram decreased IL-17 levels. The influence of antidepressants on IL-2 and IL-4 levels was not significant for all three drugs. Compared to escitalopram, citalopram led to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-22; and mirtazapine to higher levels of IL-1β, IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α. Mirtazapine and citalopram increased IL-22 production. The differing profile of cytokine production may relate to differences in therapeutic effects, risk of relapse and side effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.