ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2014
High rates of tuberculosis in patients accessing HAART in rural South Africa.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and trends of advanced HIV disease among antiretroviral therapy-naïve and antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients in South Africa between 2010-2021: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Tuberculosis and its association with CD4BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Bedaquiline Resistance in Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Emerging Trends.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dolutegravir rollout for treatment of HIV with a focus on advanced disease and tuberculosis coinfection: findings from rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (2019-2023).AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Exosomal microRNAs associated with tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2024Article
- Burden of tuberculosis in underserved populations in South Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Incidence and factors associated with active tuberculosis among people living with HIV after long-term antiretroviral therapy in Thailand: a competing risk model.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV infected individuals on long term antiretroviral therapy in private healthcare sector in Pune, Western India.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Incidence Rates for Tuberculosis Among HIV Infected Patients in Northern Tanzania.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Yield of household contact tracing for tuberculosis in rural South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- High mortality rates in men initiated on anti-retroviral treatment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.PloS one · 2017Article
- The Cost-effectiveness of a Point-of-Care Paper Transaminase Test for Monitoring Treatment of HIV/TB Co-Infected Persons.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Incidence and mortality of tuberculosis before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: an HIV cohort study in India.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2014Article
- Drug hypersensitivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: challenging diagnosis and management.Asia Pacific allergy · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe challenge of early tuberculosis (TB) infection among rural patients accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in a resource-limited setting with high HIV and TB burden has not been fully quantified.
methodsThis is a retrospective study nested within a prospective study of 969 patients consecutively initiated onto HAART at the CAPRISA AIDS Treatment programme in rural KwaZulu-Natal between January 2007 and December 2010. Patients were screened for clinical symptoms consistent with TB using a standardized checklist, and routine clinical investigations that included sputum microscopy and chest x-ray diagnosis.
resultsOf 969 HIV-infected patients initiated on HAART, 173 [17.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 15.5 to 20.4] had active TB at HAART initiation. TB incidence rates were 3-fold higher in the first 3 months (early incident TB) after HAART initiation [11.5/100 person-years (py); 95% CI: 7.1 to 17.5] compared with 4-24 months (late incident TB) post-HAART initiation (3.2/100 py; 95% CI: 2.2 to 4.5; incidence rate ratio: 3.6; 95% CI: 2.0 to 6.4; P < 0.001). Immune status of patients at HAART initiation did not impact TB incidence rates in patients with CD4 counts of <50 (5.3/100) and >200 (4.9/100 py; P = 0.81) cells per cubic millimeter. CD4 count gains achieved 12 months post-HAART initiation were significantly different in patients with early incident TB versus late incident TB; P = 0.03.
conclusionsRural HIV treatment programmes in TB-endemic settings experience high rates of TB irrespective of immunologic status of patients at HAART initiation, or duration on HAART.
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