Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24255005›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of pathology2014

Macrophage activation and skeletal muscle healing following traumatic injury.

Margaret L Novak, Eileen M Weinheimer-Haus, Timothy J Koh

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 125 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
125citing papers in PubMed
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

125 citing papers in PubMed, 211 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Regenerative Medicine: Advanced Therapy for Muscle Tissue Restoration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Nanoengineered GATA3International journal of nanomedicine · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Transcriptional evidence for transient regulation of muscle regeneration by brown adipose transplant in the rotator cuff.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2024
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Margaret L NovakDepartment of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Eileen M Weinheimer-Haus
Timothy J Koh
University of Illinois Chicago · US

Funding

Multidisciplinary Oral Science TrainingT32DE018381 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI COOPER, LYNDON F · 2008 to 2019
$3.6M
Macrophage Phenotype and Impaired Wound HealingR01GM092850 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO · PI KOH, TIMOTHY J · 2011 to 2019
$3.5M
NIDCR NIH HHS T32 DE018381NIDCR NIH HHS T32DE018381NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM092850NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM092850
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Following injury to different tissues, macrophages can contribute to both regenerative and fibrotic healing. These seemingly contradictory roles of macrophages may be related to the markedly different phenotypes that macrophages can assume upon exposure to different stimuli. We hypothesized that fibrotic healing after traumatic muscle injury would be dominated by a pro-fibrotic M2a macrophage phenotype, with M1 activation limited to the very early stages of repair. We found that macrophages accumulated in lacerated mouse muscle for at least 21 days, accompanied by limited myofibre regeneration and persistent collagen deposition. However, muscle macrophages did not exhibit either of the canonical M1 or M2a phenotypes, but instead up-regulated both M1- and M2a-associated genes early after injury, followed by down-regulation of most markers examined. Particularly, IL-10 mRNA and protein were markedly elevated in macrophages from 3-day injured muscle. Additionally, though flow cytometry identified distinct subpopulations of macrophages based on high or low expression of TNFα, these subpopulations did not clearly correspond to M1 or M2a phenotypes. Importantly, cell therapy with exogenous M1 macrophages but not non-activated macrophages reduced fibrosis and enhanced muscle fibre regeneration in lacerated muscles. These data indicate that manipulation of macrophage function has potential to improve healing following traumatic injury.

Indexed as

AnimalsCell SeparationFlow CytometryMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMuscle, SkeletalPhenotypeReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionWound Healinginflammationinjurymacrophageskeletal muscletissue repair

Identifiers

PMID24255005
PMCPMC4019602
OpenAlexW2124672774

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.