ArticlePrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2014
Density and proximity of tobacco outlets to homes and schools: relations with youth cigarette smoking.
Article in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04279483 (Geo Smoking Study and Neural and Geospatial Examination of Smokers' Exposure to Retail Environments), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Geo Smoking Study and Neural and Geospatial Examination of Smokers' Exposure to Retail Environments
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association Between Tobacco Outlet Density and Smoking Among Young People: A Systematic Methodological Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Pooled it
- Association between density and proximity of tobacco retail outlets with smoking: A systematic review of youth studies.Health & place · 2021Pooled it
- Tobacco outlet density and adolescents' cigarette smoking: a meta-analysis.Tobacco control · 2019Pooled it
- Simulating the Impact of Zoning Policies on Equitably Reducing Neighborhood Tobacco Retailer Availability.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Using Ecological Momentary Assessment, Geolocation Tracking, and Neuroimaging to Assess Effects of Tobacco Retail Exposure on Smoking Behavior: Protocol for the GeoSmoking Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Transitions in ENDS and cigarette use among youth in the PATH Study from 2015-2023: a multistate transition modeling analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Modelling how age-restricted location policies would impact tobacco retailer density in four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Sources of electronic cigarette acquisition among school-going adolescents: A cross-sectional analysis of the 2022 National Health and Morbidity Survey - Adolescent Health Survey, Malaysia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Community Awareness-Raising to Support Tobacco Policy: Results from an App-Based Photo-Mapping Activity with College Students.Journal of community health · 2025Article
- Naturalistic Tobacco Retail Exposure and Smoking Outcomes in Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes Daily.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of regulatory tightening of the Hungarian tobacco retail market on availability, access and cigarette smoking prevalence of adolescents.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Tobacco retailer density and rurality across four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina, and Ohio.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Vendor density mapping and compliance assessment with tobacco control laws around schools in Bhubaneswar City-a geo-spatial mapping and observational study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- A longitudinal analysis of the impact of the local tobacco retail availability and neighbourhood deprivation on male smoking behaviours in Shanghai, China.Health & place · 2024Article
- Proximity to Legal Cannabis Stores in Canada and Use of Cannabis Sources in the First Three Years of Legalization, 2019-2021.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- A statewide study of disparities in local policies and tobacco, vape, and cannabis retail environments.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Recreational Cannabis Legalization and Proximity to Cannabis Retailers as Risk Factors for Adolescents' Cannabis Use.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Article
- Tobacco retail availability and cigarette and e-cigarette use among youth and adults: a scoping review.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Variations in Tobacco Retailer Type Across Community Characteristics: Place Matters.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Spatial Disparities: The Role of Nativity in Neighborhood Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco Retailers.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study investigated the associations of youth cigarette smoking with tobacco outlet densities and proximity of tobacco outlets to youth homes and schools across different buffers in 45 midsized California communities. The sample comprised 832 youths who were surveyed about their smoking behaviors. Inclusion criteria included both home and school addresses within city boundaries. Observations in the 45 cities were conducted to document addresses of tobacco outlets. City- and buffer-level demographics were obtained and negative binomial regression analyses with cluster robust standard errors were conducted. All models were adjusted for youth gender, age, and race. Greater densities of tobacco outlets within both a 0.75 and 1-mile buffer of youth homes were associated with higher smoking frequency. Neither tobacco outlet densities around schools nor distance to the nearest tobacco outlet from home or school were associated with youths past-30-day smoking frequency. Lower population density and percent of African Americans in areas around homes and lower percent of unemployed in areas around schools were associated with greater smoking frequency. Results of this study suggest that restricting outlet density within at least 1-mile surrounding residential areas will help to reduce youth smoking.
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Registered trials
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