ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2014
Long-term overall and disease-specific mortality associated with benign gynecologic surgery performed at different ages.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age at Iatrogenic Menopause and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular outcomes after hysterectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2026Pooled it
- Hysterectomy with opportunistic salpingectomy versus hysterectomy alone.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Cardiovascular outcomes of bilateral oophorectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian heart journalPooled it
- Menopausal Estrogen-Alone Therapy and Health Outcomes in Women With and Without Bilateral Oophorectomy: A Randomized Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2019Trial
- All-cause mortality after self-reported vs. hospital-reported gynecological surgery: The HUNT study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- The importance of ovary-immune interactions in the context of age and disease.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Unmet needs after prevention: a model for managing premature surgical menopause post-risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Article
- Is Early Menopause a Different Entity From Premature Ovarian Insufficiency?Clinical endocrinology · 2025Review
- Gynecological surgery in adulthood imparts cognitive and brain changes in rats: A focus on hysterectomy at short-, moderate-, and long-term intervals after surgery.Hormones and behavior · 2023Article
- All-cause and cardiovascular mortality after hysterectomy and oophorectomy in a large cohort (HUNT2).Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- Oophorectomy in Premenopausal Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: New Insights into Long-Term Effects.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Long-Term Non-Cancer Risks in People withCancers · 2023Review
- Effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy on sex steroid hormone serum levels among postmenopausal women: an NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- 1Menstruation: a possible independent health promoter, aging and COVID-19.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Association of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with all cause and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Changing trends in Black-White racial differences in surgical menopause: a population-based study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Article
- Patterns of black and white hysterectomy incidence among reproductive aged women.Health services research · 2021Article
- Integrating Surveillance Data to Estimate Race/Ethnicity-specific Hysterectomy Inequalities Among Reproductive-aged Women: Who's at Risk?Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Precision prophylaxis: Identifying the optimal timing for risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy based on type of BRCA1 and BRCA2 cluster region mutations.Gynecologic oncology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAs bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is frequently performed with hysterectomy for nonmalignant conditions, defining health outcomes associated with benign bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed at different ages is critical.
methodsWe assessed mortality risk associated with benign total abdominal hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy among 52,846 Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project follow-up study participants. Surgery and risk factor data were ascertained via baseline interview (1979-1986) and three questionnaires (1987-1998). During follow-up through December 2005 (mean, 22.1 y), 13,734 deaths were identified. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for overall and disease-specific mortality for total abdominal hysterectomy or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed by age 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55 years, compared with not having surgery, using landmark analyses and multivariable Cox regression.
resultsUndergoing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy by age 35 years was associated with increased mortality risk (HR35 y, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34), which decreased with age (HR40 y, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21; HR45 y, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17). Total abdominal hysterectomy alone performed by age 40 years was associated with increased mortality risk to a lesser extent (HR40 y, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15). Analyses based on matched propensity scores related to having gynecologic surgery yielded similar results. Elevated mortality risks were largely attributable to noncancer causes.
conclusionsBenign gynecologic surgeries among young women are associated with increased mortality risk, which attenuates with age.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.