Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2014
Determination of the 50% human infectious dose for Norwalk virus.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00138476 (Evaluation of a New Challenge Pool of Norwalk Virus Inoculum), which is not on this map. Cited by 153 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of a New Challenge Pool of Norwalk Virus Inoculum (Lot 42399) in Human Subjects
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of enteric virus shedding in human excretions.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Incubation Period of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli.Epidemiologic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- A Wastewater-based Modeling Framework for Inferring Norovirus Transmission Dynamics.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Detectability of Pathogenic RNA Virus Families in Different Body Sites: A Scoping Review.Viruses · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Norovirus Immunity: Implications for Vaccine Design.Annual review of pathology · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- CVID Enteropathy Associated With Chronic Norovirus Infection: Background, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Aspects.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- Correlation Between Infectivity and qRT-PCR Values for Murine Norovirus Recovered from Frozen Berries.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Optimized Aptamer-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles for Specific Detection of GII.4 Human Norovirus in Feces.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Detection of Norovirus from Berries in Serbia by Digital PCR and NGS.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Complete genomic characterization of global pathogens respiratory syntical virus and human norovirus using probe based capture enrichment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Human Norovirus GII.4 and GII.17 Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) Exhibit Specific Binding and Inhibit VLPs from Entering Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Investigation of a norovirus outbreak among hospital staff in Zhejiang, China: tracing the source to contaminated "red bean cake".Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The burden and etiologies of diarrhea in Asia and its countries from 1990 to 2021 and the forecast to 2040: analyses informed by the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Lack of Detection of Norwalk Virus in Saliva Samples From a Controlled Human Infection Model.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- In Vitro Culture of Human Norovirus in the Last 20 Years.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of norovirus infections among patients with diarrhea in the Amhara national regional state, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Virus Shedding and Diarrhea: A Review of Human Norovirus Genogroup II Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs.Viruses · 2024Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNoroviruses are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. An understanding of the infectious dose of these viruses is important for risk assessment studies.
methodsHealthy adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of different dosages of Norwalk virus. Eligible subjects were monitored for clinical gastroenteritis, and infection status was determined. The presence of virus in vomitus was also assessed.
resultsFifty-seven persons were enrolled; 8 received placebo and an additional 8 persons were considered to be nonsusceptible on the basis of being secretor negative. Twenty-one persons were infected (all blood group O or A), and 67% of those infected developed viral gastroenteritis. The 50% human infectious dose was calculated to be 3.3 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction units (approximately 1320 genomic equivalents [gEq]) for secretor-positive blood group O or A persons and 7.0 (approximately 2800 gEq) for all secretor-positive persons. The time of illness onset was inversely correlated with inoculum dose. The maximal concentration of virus shedding was higher for persons with gastroenteritis. Norwalk virus was identified in 15 of 27 (56%) vomitus samples at a median concentration of 41 000 gEq/mL.
conclusionsThe 50% human infectious dose measured is higher than previous estimates and similar to that of other RNA viruses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00138476.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.