ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor genetic variants, and risk of breast cancer in the Agricultural Health Study.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Climate Change and Breast Cancer and Its Management and Preventative Implications in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Sun Exposure Is Associated with Reduced Breast Cancer Risk among Women Living in the Caribbean: The Atabey Study in Puerto Rico.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Residential ultraviolet radiation and breast cancer risk in a large prospective cohort.Environment international · 2022Article
- Intake of vitamin D and calcium, sun exposure, and risk of breast cancer subtypes among black women.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Article
- Ultraviolet radiation exposure and breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2019Article
- Comparison of cancer incidence in Australian farm residents 45 years and over, compared to rural non-farm and urban residents - a data linkage study.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Vitamin D-Related Genes May Modify Vitamin D-Breast Cancer Associations.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Article
- Prospective study of ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of breast cancer in the United States.Environmental research · 2016Article
- Environmental and lifestyle risk factors of breast cancer in Malta-a retrospective case-control study.The EPMA journal · 2016Article
- Female breast cancer in Europe: statistics, diagnosis and treatment modalities.Journal of thoracic disease · 2014Article
- The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: genomics, pathways, metabolism.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Association between Vitamin D deficiency and Breast Cancer.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic evidence suggests a negative relation between sunlight exposure and breast cancer risk. The hypothesized mechanism is sunlight-induced cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.
objectivesOur goal was to examine sun exposure and its interaction with vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants on breast cancer risk.
methodsWe examined sun exposure and breast cancer incidence among 31,021 private pesticide applicators' wives, including 578 cases, enrolled in the prospective Agricultural Health Study cohort and followed 8.6 years on average. We estimated interactions between sun exposure, VDR variants, and breast cancer in a nested case-control study comprising 293 cases and 586 matched controls. Information on sun exposure was obtained by questionnaire at cohort enrollment. Relative risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression for the cohort data and conditional logistic regression for the nested case-control data.
resultsWe observed a small decrease in breast cancer risk in association with usual sun exposure of ≥ 1 hr/day (versus < 1 hr/day) 10 years before the start of follow-up among all participants [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.0]. The association appeared to be slightly stronger in relation to estrogen receptor-positive tumors (HR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 0.9) than estrogen receptor-negative tumors (HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.6, 2.1). The HR for joint exposure ≥ 1 hr/day of sunlight and one VDR haplotype was less than expected given negative HRs for each individual exposure (interaction p-value = 0.07).
conclusionOur results suggest that sun exposure may be associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, but we did not find clear evidence of modification by VDR variants. Larger studies are warranted, particularly among populations in whom low levels of usual sun exposure can be more precisely characterized.
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