ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Nanoparticle conjugation of CpG enhances adjuvancy for cellular immunity and memory recall at low dose.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Covalent conjugation of TLR9 agonists to phospholipids enhances mRNA-LNP delivery efficiency and dendritic cell cross-priming.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Nanocarriers for cutting-edge cancer immunotherapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Unveiling nanoparticle-immune interactions: how super-resolution imaging illuminates the invisible.Nanoscale · 2025Review
- Advancements in Nanoparticle-Based Adjuvants for Enhanced Tuberculosis Vaccination: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Safety and efficacy of C. muridarum vaccines adjuvanted with CpG-1826 and four concentrations of Montanide-ISA-720-VG.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Shortwave-infrared-light-emitting probes for the in vivo tracking of cancer vaccines and the elicited immune responses.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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- TLR7 Agonist-Loaded Gadolinium Oxide Nanotubes Promote Anti-Tumor Immunity by Activation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Leveraging Lymphatic System Targeting in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus for Improved Clinical Outcomes.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Nanoparticle-Conjugated Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists Improve the Potency, Durability, and Breadth of COVID-19 Vaccines.ACS nano · 2024Article
- A Glance on Nanovaccine: A Potential Approach for Disease Prevention.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- Assessing the Adjuvant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) on BALB/c Mice.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanocarriers for cancer nano-immunotherapy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Enhancing the Effectiveness of Oligonucleotide Therapeutics Using Cell-Penetrating Peptide Conjugation, Chemical Modification, and Carrier-Based Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Facile synthesis of multi-faceted, biomimetic and cross-protective nanoparticle-based vaccines for drug-resistant Shigella: a flexible platform technology.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Nanomaterials-Based Novel Immune Strategies in Clinical Translation for Cancer Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In subunit vaccines, strong CD8(+) T-cell responses are desired, yet they are elusive at reasonable adjuvant doses. We show that targeting adjuvant to the lymph node (LN) via ultrasmall polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), which rapidly drain to the LN after intradermal injection, greatly enhances adjuvant efficacy at low doses. Coupling CpG-B or CpG-C oligonucleotides to NPs led to better dual-targeting of adjuvant and antigen (codelivered on separate NPs) in cross-presenting dendritic cells compared with free adjuvant. This led to enhanced dendritic cell maturation and T helper 1 (Th1)-cytokine secretion, in turn driving stronger effector CD8(+) T-cell activation with enhanced cytolytic profiles and, importantly, more powerful memory recall. With only 4 μg CpG, NP-CpG-B could substantially protect mice from syngeneic tumor challenge, even after 4 mo of vaccination, compared with free CpG-B. Together, these results show that nanocarriers can enhance vaccine efficacy at a low adjuvant dose for inducing potent and long-lived cellular immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.