Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24248188›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2014

The increase in thyroid cancer incidence during the last four decades is accompanied by a high frequency of BRAF mutations and a sharp increase in RAS mutations.

Chan Kwon Jung, Mark P Little, Jay H Lubin, Alina V Brenner, Samuel A Wells, Alice J Sigurdson, Yuri E Nikiforov

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 173 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
173citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
16.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

173 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 341 citations in OpenAlex.

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113 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Chan Kwon JungDepartment of Pathology (C.K.J., Y.E.N.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; Department of Hospital Pathology (C.K.J.), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; and Radiation Epidemiology and Biostatistics Branches (J.H.L., A.V.B., M.P.L., A.J.S.), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Cancer Genetics Branch (S.A.W.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Mark P Little
Jay H Lubin
Alina V Brenner
Samuel A Wells
Alice J Sigurdson
Yuri E Nikiforov
Catholic University of Korea · KRNational Cancer Institute · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Studies of Populations Exposed to Diagnostic Medical RadiationZIACP010222 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI KITAHARA, CARI · 2011 to 2025
$13.1M
Intramural NIH HHSNCI NIH HHS HSSN261200900017C/N02CP-90017PHS HHS 5-312-0212208
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextThyroid cancer incidence rates in the United States and globally have increased steadily over the last 40 years, primarily due to a tripling of the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

objectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze trends in demographic, clinical, pathologic, and molecular characteristics of PTC from 1974 to 2009. DESIGN AND

settingWe identified and histologically reviewed 469 consecutive cases of PTC from one US institution from 4 preselected periods (1974 to 1985, 1990 to 1992, 2000, and 2009) and assessed BRAF and RAS point mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements among 341 tumors ≥0.3 cm in size. Changes over time were analyzed using polytomous and binary logistic regression; all analyses were adjusted for age and sex.

resultsDuring this period, the median age of patients at diagnosis increased from 37 to 53 years (P < .001) and the percentage of microcarcinomas (≤1.0 cm) increased from 33% to 51% (P < .001), whereas extrathyroidal extension and advanced tumor stage decreased from 40% to 21% (P = .005) and from 43% to 28% (P = .036), respectively. Changes in tumor histopathology showed a decrease in classic PTC and an increase in the follicular variant (P < .001). The proportion of tumors with a BRAF mutation was stable (∼46%) but increased from 50% to 77% (P = .008) within classic papillary PTCs. The proportion of tumors with RAS mutations increased from 3% to 25% and within follicular pattern tumors from 18% to 44% (P < .001). The proportion of RET/PTC rearrangements decreased from 11% to 2% (P = .038).

conclusionsSimilar to US national trends, we found an increasing age at diagnosis and greater detection of smaller-sized intrathyroidal PTCs. However, the overall proportion of BRAF mutations remained stable. Sharply rising percentages of the follicular variant histology and RAS mutations after 2000 suggest new and more recent etiologic factors. The increased incidence is not likely to be due to environmental or therapeutic radiation because the percentage of RET/PTC rearrangements decreased.

Indexed as

MutationAdenomaAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCarcinoma, PapillaryChildFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)Thyroid NeoplasmsProto-Oncogene Proteins B-rafProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)

Identifiers

PMID24248188
PMCPMC3913801
OpenAlexW2062836415

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.