ArticleThe Journal of physiology2014
Xanthine oxidase and the fetal cardiovascular defence to hypoxia in late gestation ovine pregnancy.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Creatine for women in pregnancy for neuroprotection of the fetus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Understanding physiological adaptations of pregnancy to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude to inform obstetrical and neonatal care.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Antioxidants: powering the fight against fetal hypoxia.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Uric Acid and Preeclampsia: Pathophysiological Interactions and the Emerging Role of Inflammasome Activation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hypoxic pregnancy promotes fibrosis and increases stress metabolites in the ovine fetal liver.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy in obese women and mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in offspring.European heart journal · 2024Review
- Increased hepatic glucose production with lower oxidative metabolism in the growth-restricted fetus.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Breath of Life: Heart Disease Link to Developmental Hypoxia.Circulation · 2021Article
- Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Implications of Growth Restriction: Mechanisms and Potential Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mitochondria antioxidant protection against cardiovascular dysfunction programmed by early-onset gestational hypoxia.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Translatable mitochondria-targeted protection against programmed cardiovascular dysfunction.Science advances · 2020Article
- Free radicals and neonatal encephalopathy: mechanisms of injury, biomarkers, and antioxidant treatment perspectives.Pediatric research · 2020Review
- The role of gasotransmitters in neonatal physiology.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2020Review
- Antenatal melatonin modulates an enhanced antioxidant/pro-oxidant ratio in pulmonary hypertensive newborn sheep.Redox biology · 2019Article
- Mechanisms of death in structurally normal stillbirths.Journal of perinatal medicine · 2019Observational
- Switching obese mothers to a healthy diet improves fetal hypoxemia, hepatic metabolites, and lipotoxicity in non-human primates.Molecular metabolism · 2018Article
- The role of nitric oxide in the cardiopulmonary response to hypoxia in highland and lowland newborn llamas.The Journal of physiology · 2018Article
- Implication of Oxidative Stress in Fetal Programming of Cardiovascular Disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
- Acute hypoxia-reoxygenation and vascular oxygen sensing in the chicken embryo.Physiological reports · 2017Article
- Sildenafil therapy for fetal cardiovascular dysfunction during hypoxic development: studies in the chick embryo.The Journal of physiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common challenge to the fetus, promoting a physiological defence to redistribute blood flow towards the brain and away from peripheral circulations. During acute hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) interact with nitric oxide (NO) to provide an oxidant tone. This contributes to the mechanisms redistributing the fetal cardiac output, although the source of ROS is unknown. Here, we investigated whether ROS derived from xanthine oxidase (XO) contribute to the fetal peripheral vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia via interaction with NO-dependent mechanisms. Pregnant ewes and their fetuses were surgically prepared for long-term recording at 118 days of gestation (term approximately 145 days). After 5 days of recovery, mothers were infused i.v. for 30 min with either vehicle (n = 11), low dose (30 mg kg(-1), n = 5) or high dose (150 mg kg(-1), n = 9) allopurinol, or high dose allopurinol with fetal NO blockade (n = 6). Following allopurinol treatment, fetal hypoxia was induced by reducing maternal inspired O2 such that fetal basal P aO 2 decreased approximately by 50% for 30 min. Allopurinol inhibited the increase in fetal plasma uric acid and suppressed the fetal femoral vasoconstrictor, glycaemic and lactate acidaemic responses during hypoxia (all P < 0.05), effects that were restored to control levels with fetal NO blockade. The data provide evidence for the activation of fetal XO in vivo during hypoxia and for XO-derived ROS in contributing to the fetal peripheral vasoconstriction, part of the fetal defence to hypoxia. The data are of significance to the understanding of the physiological control of the fetal cardiovascular system during hypoxic stress. The findings are also of clinical relevance in the context of obstetric trials in which allopurinol is being administered to pregnant women when the fetus shows signs of hypoxic distress.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.