ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2014
Immediate antiretroviral therapy in young HIV-infected children: benefits and risks.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Long-term non-progression in children with HIV: estimates from international cohort data.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Considerable variation in the 95-95-95 targets accomplishment between children and adults might delay achievement of set targets.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Early treatment regimens achieve sustained virologic remission in infant macaques infected with SIV at birth.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Survival status and predictors of mortality among HIV-positive children initiated antiretroviral therapy in Bahir Dar town public health facilities Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2020.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Variations in the characteristics and outcomes of children living with HIV following universal ART in sub-Saharan Africa (2006-17): a retrospective cohort study.The lancet. HIV · 2021Article
- Diffusion tensor imaging point to ongoing functional impairment in HIV-infected children at age 5, undetectable using standard neurodevelopmental assessments.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Neurodevelopment at 11 months after starting antiretroviral therapy within 3 weeks of life.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2019Article
- Five year neurodevelopment outcomes of perinatally HIV-infected children on early limited or deferred continuous antiretroviral therapy.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Observational
- Favourable outcome in a child with symptomatic diagnosis of Glutaric aciduria type 1 despite vertical HIV infection and minor head trauma.Metabolic brain disease · 2018Article
- Universal Antiretroviral Treatment Eligibility for Children and Adolescents Living With HIV: A New Era.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2016Article
- Early antiretroviral therapy is protective against epilepsy in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection in botswana.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Serological response to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewRecent WHO guidelines recommend immediate initiation of lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) in all children below 5 years, irrespective of immune/clinical status, to improve access to paediatric ART. Interim trial results provide strong evidence for immediate ART during infancy because of high short-term risk of mortality and disease progression, but there is wider debate regarding the potential risks and benefits of immediate ART in asymptomatic children aged above 1 year. Concerns include long-term toxicities and treatment failure, particularly in resource-constrained settings with limited paediatric treatment options. RECENT
findingsBenefits of immediate ART among infants appear to be maintained in the mid-term to long-term, with low risk of treatment failure, and better neurodevelopmental outcomes. In contrast, a trial reported no benefits of immediate versus deferred ART in asymptomatic children aged above 1 year. However, observational studies suggest that ART initiation at older ages and lower CD4 reduces the probability of immune reconstitution, with unclear implications on risk of clinical events or treatment change. A recent trial on treatment interruption following early intensive ART suggest that this may be a safe alternative approach. SUMMARY: Although there are clear benefits of immediate ART among infants, there remains conflicting evidence on the benefits for older children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.