ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2014
Inflammation and the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02685748 (Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Young Psychotic Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 144 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Young Psychotic Patients
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Peripheral Blood Monocytes as Biomarkers of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal immune activation generates anxiety in offspring: A translational meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Anticholinergic Burden and Cognitive Performance in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Literature Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- The genetic basis for the inverse relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Early attachment disruption differentially enhances multiple signs of microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and preoptic area of periadolescent guinea pigs.Behavioural brain research · 2027Article
- Hydrogen Gas Therapy in Schizophrenia: Potential Neuroprotective Effects From an Animal Study.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Article
- A "personality test" for rats reveals subtle but distinct effects of sex and early life inflammation on brain and behavior.Behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mild SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection in mice induces transient offspring neurodevelopmental aberrance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Alterations in GABAergic Interneurons, Neuroinflammation, and Epigenetics: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Strategies in Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Maternal Stress Primes Adolescent Stress Susceptibility via Microglial Complement-Dependent Synaptic Phagocytosis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Can Sodium Oxybate Mitigate the Symptoms of Schizophrenia?Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- A new two-hit animal model for schizophrenia research: Consequences on social behavior.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Viewing Psychiatric Disorders Through Viruses: Simple Architecture, Burgeoning Implications.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Association of TNF and TLR2 genes with blood parameter levels in Mexican patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- COPD and Schizophrenia.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Translational significance of neurodevelopment underpinned 'neurophysiological-cognitive' biomarkers in schizophrenia.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The high societal and individual cost of schizophrenia necessitates finding better, more effective treatment, diagnosis, and prevention strategies. One of the obstacles in this endeavor is the diverse set of etiologies that comprises schizophrenia. A substantial body of evidence has grown over the last few decades to suggest that schizophrenia is a heterogeneous syndrome with overlapping symptoms and etiologies. At the same time, an increasing number of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have shown links between schizophrenia and inflammatory conditions. In this review, we analyze the literature on inflammation and schizophrenia, with a particular focus on comorbidity, biomarkers, and environmental insults. We then identify several mechanisms by which inflammation could influence the development of schizophrenia via the two-hit hypothesis. Lastly, we note the relevance of these findings to clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.