ArticlePloS one2013
Efficacy of genetically modified Bt toxins alone and in combinations against pink bollworm resistant to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- A combination of cry (Cry2Ab) and plant lectin (PTA) genes confers resistance against major sucking and chewing insect pests of cotton.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Functional redundancy in the toxic pathway of Bt protein Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Fa, against the Asian corn borer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Mismatch between lab-generated and field-evolved resistance to transgenic Bt crops inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact of Caterpillar Increased Feeding Rates on Reduction of Bt Susceptibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- CRISPR-mediated mutations in the ABC transporter gene ABCA2 confer pink bollworm resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Transgenic cotton and sterile insect releases synergize eradication of pink bollworm a century after it invaded the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Suppression of Calcineurin Enhances the Toxicity of Cry1Ac toFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- TOXiTAXi: a web resource for toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis protein compositions towards species of various taxonomic groups.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Multiple Known Mechanisms and a Possible Role of an Enhanced Immune System in Bt-Resistance in a Field Population of the Bollworm,International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Shared and Independent Genetic Basis of Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry2Ab in Two Strains of Pink Bollworm.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- ABC transporter mis-splicing associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry2Ab in laboratory- and field-selected pink bollworm.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Expression of hybrid fusion protein (Cry1Ac::ASAL) in transgenic rice plants imparts resistance against multiple insect pests.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- When the Whole is Not Greater than the Sum of the Parts: A Critical Review of Laboratory Bioassay Effects Testing for Insecticidal Protein Interactions.Environmental entomology · 2018Review
- Specific Binding Protein ABCC1 Is Associated With Cry2Ab Toxicity inFrontiers in physiology · 2018Article
- Transgenic cotton co-expressing chimeric Vip3AcAa and Cry1Ac confers effective protection against Cry1Ac-resistant cotton bollworm.Transgenic research · 2017Article
- Surge in insect resistance to transgenic crops and prospects for sustainability.Nature biotechnology · 2017Review
- Functional roles of cadherin, aminopeptidase-N and alkaline phosphatase from Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in the action mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Aa.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA.Environmental sciences Europe · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evolution of resistance in pests threatens the long-term efficacy of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) used in sprays and transgenic crops. Previous work showed that genetically modified Bt toxins Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod effectively countered resistance to native Bt toxins Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac in some pests, including pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella). Here we report that Cry1AbMod and Cry1AcMod were also effective against a laboratory-selected strain of pink bollworm resistant to Cry2Ab as well as to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac. Resistance ratios based on the concentration of toxin killing 50% of larvae for the resistant strain relative to a susceptible strain were 210 for Cry2Ab, 270 for Cry1Ab, and 310 for Cry1Ac, but only 1.6 for Cry1AbMod and 2.1 for Cry1AcMod. To evaluate the interactions among toxins, we tested combinations of Cry1AbMod, Cry1Ac, and Cry2Ab. For both the resistant and susceptible strains, the net results across all concentrations tested showed slight but significant synergism between Cry1AbMod and Cry2Ab, whereas the other combinations of toxins did not show consistent synergism or antagonism. The results suggest that the modified toxins might be useful for controlling populations of pink bollworm resistant to Cry1Ac, Cry2Ab, or both.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.