SynthesisPloS one2013
Comparative efficacy of Lamivudine and emtricitabine: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV - CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2025Guideline
- Zidovudine/Lamivudine vs. Abacavir/Lamivudine vs. Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in fixed-dose combinations as initial treatment for HIV patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Colombia medica (Cali, Colombia) · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of in vitro exposure of first-line antiretrovirals on healthy human spermatozoa on kinematics and motility.International urology and nephrology · 2025Article
- Treatment Management Challenges in Naïve and Experienced HIV-1-Infected Individuals Carrying the M184V Mutation.Viruses · 2024Review
- Do contemporary antiretrovirals increase the risk of end-stage liver disease? Signals from patients starting therapy in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Article
- A case series of emtricitabine-induced pure red cell aplasia.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- HBV/HIV Coinfection: Impact on the Development and Clinical Treatment of Liver Diseases.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Review
- Contraceptive implant failures among women using antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya: a retrospective cohort study.Gates open research · 2019Article
- Virologic suppression in response to antiretroviral therapy despite extensive resistance within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase after the first virologic failure.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Twenty-Five Years of Lamivudine: Current and Future Use for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Review
- Treatment Outcome and Adverse Events of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Based Regimens as Compared to Zidovudine Based Regimens Among People Living with HIV/AIDS: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.The open AIDS journal · 2018Review
- An Enhanced Emtricitabine-Loaded Long-Acting Nanoformulation for Prevention or Treatment of HIV Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention: Why, What, Who and How.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2016Review
- Global epidemiology of drug resistance after failure of WHO recommended first-line regimens for adult HIV-1 infection: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Superior Effectiveness of Zidovudine Compared With Tenofovir When Combined With Nevirapine-based Antiretroviral Therapy in a Large Nigerian Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- Choice of antiretroviral drugs for continued treatment scale-up in a public health approach: what more do we need to know?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
- Article
- Combination dolutegravir-abacavir-lamivudine in the management of HIV/AIDS: clinical utility and patient considerations.Patient preference and adherence · 2015Review
- Editorial commentary: Comparative efficacy of lamivudine and emtricitabine: comparing the results of randomized trials and cohorts.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionLamivudine and emtricitabine are considered equivalent by several guidelines, but evidence of comparable efficacy is conflicting.
methodsWe searched two databases up to June 30 2013 to identify randomized and quasi-randomized trials in which lamivudine and emtricitabine were used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment-naïve or experienced HIV-positive adult patients. We only included trials where partner drugs in the regimen were identical or could be considered to be comparable. We allowed for comparisons between tenofovir and abacavir provided the study population did not begin treatment with a viral load >100,000 copies/ml.
results12 trials contributed 15 different randomized comparisons providing data on 2251 patients receiving lamivudine and 2662 patients receiving emtricitabine. Treatment success was not significantly different in any of the 12 trials. In the three trials that directly compared lamivudine and emtricitabine, the relative risk for achieving treatment success was non-significant (RR 1.03 95%CI 0.96-1.10). For all trials combined, the pooled relative risk for treatment success was not significantly different (RR 1.00, 95%CI 0.97-1.02). No heterogeneity was observed (I (2) = 0). Similarly, there was no difference in the pooled relative risk for treatment failure (RR 1.08, 95%CI 0.94-1.22, I (2) = 3.4%).
conclusionsThe findings of this systematic review suggest that lamivudine and emtricitabine are clinically equivalent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.