Trial reportPloS one2013
Distinct molecular phenotypes in male and female schizophrenia patients.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral complement proteins in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of serological studies.Schizophrenia research · 2020Pooled it
- The promise of biological markers for treatment response in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2015Pooled it
- Molecular Signatures of Schizophrenia and Insights into Potential Biological Convergence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Prognostic Value of FasL, BDNF, and IL-1β as Predictors of Therapeutic Response in Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Multidimensional sleep impairment predicts steatotic liver disease spectrum risk.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the peripheral levels of cytokines during 12-month antipsychotic treatment in a drug-naïve schizophrenia spectrum cohort.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization study of the relationship between blood and urine biomarkers and schizophrenia in the UK Biobank cohort.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Inflammatory markers of symptomatic remission at 6 months in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Complement Activation Products in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Associations between inflammatory marker profiles and neurocognitive functioning in people with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric comparison subjects.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
- Dysregulation of complement and coagulation pathways: emerging mechanisms in the development of psychosis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- Reduced Serum Levels of Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α in Schizophrenia and Its Relationship to the Excited Phenotype.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Sex-Specific Cannabidiol- and Iloperidone-Induced Neuronal Activity Changes in an In Vitro MAM Model System of Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Mechanisms Underlying the Comorbidity of Schizophrenia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Review
- Association between C-Maf-inducing protein gene rs2287112 polymorphism and schizophrenia.PeerJ · 2021Article
- Article
- Sex-Dependent Effects of Perinatal Inflammation on the Brain: Implication for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn schizophrenia, sex specific dimorphisms related to age of onset, course of illness and response to antipsychotic treatment may be mirrored by sex-related differences in the underlying molecular pathways. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere, we have carried out multiplex immunoassay profiling of sera from 4 independent cohorts of first episode antipsychotic naive schizophrenia patients (n = 133) and controls (n = 133) to identify such sex-specific illness processes in the periphery. The concentrations of 16 molecules associated with hormonal, inflammation and growth factor pathways showed significant sex differences in schizophrenia patients compared with controls. In female patients, the inflammation-related analytes alpha-1-antitrypsin, B lymphocyte chemoattractant BLC and interleukin-15 showed negative associations with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) scores. In male patients, the hormones prolactin and testosterone were negatively associated with PANSS ratings. In addition, we investigated molecular changes in a subset of 33 patients before and after 6 weeks of treatment with antipsychotics and found that treatment induced sex-specific changes in the levels of testosterone, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, follicle stimulating hormone, interleukin-13 and macrophage-derived chemokine. Finally, we evaluated overlapping and distinct biomarkers in the sex-specific molecular signatures in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We propose that future studies should investigate the common and sex-specific aetiologies of schizophrenia, as the current findings suggest that different therapeutic strategies may be required for male and female patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.