Trial reportJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI2014
T1 bias in chemical shift-encoded liver fat-fraction: role of the flip angle.
Trial report in Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Validation of magnetic resonance imaging for quantification of intrapancreatic fat deposition using phantom and histologic comparators: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Linearity, Bias, and Precision of Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurements by Using MR Imaging: A Meta-Analysis.Radiology · 2018Pooled it
- Incomplete Spoiling Correction for 3DMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Standardizing quantitative muscle MRI: an inter-vendor evaluation in healthy adults.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Cross-Vendor Validation of Proton Density Fat Fraction and TJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Qualitative and quantitative assessment of intratumoral fat using chemical-shift MRI for predicting histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Highly Reproducible, Vendor-Agnostic, Motion-Insensitive Liver PDFF Mapping at 0.55T, 1.5T, and 3T.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Influence of Intrapancreatic Fat Deposition on Regional and Total Pancreatic T1 Relaxation Times at 3.0 Tesla MRI.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Optimized motion-insensitive PDFF mapping of the liver.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- In-vivo liver proton density fat fraction quantification at 0.55 T: a pilot study with comparison against 3 T MRI.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Influence of imaging method on fat fraction estimation for assessing bone marrow in metastatic prostate cancer.European radiology · 2025Article
- Reference Values for Water-Specific T1, Intermuscular and Intramuscular Fat Content in Skeletal Muscle at 2.89 T.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Observational
- Improved liver fat andMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- State-of-the-Art Quantification of Liver Iron With MRI-Vendor Implementation and Available Tools.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- Exploring factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using longitudinal MRI.BMC gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Reduced adipose tissue in growth-restricted fetuses using quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images.European radiology · 2023Article
- Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver diseases: techniques and tissue-mimicking phantoms.Magma (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Hepatic Fat from Fundamental to Clinical Applications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Prospective comparison of longitudinal change in hepatic proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimated by magnitude-based MRI (MRI-M) and complex-based MRI (MRI-C).European radiology · 2020Article
- Fat and bone: the multiperspective analysis of a close relationship.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate flip angle (FA)-dependent T1 bias in chemical shift-encoded fat-fraction (FF) and to evaluate a strategy for correcting this bias to achieve accurate MRI-based estimates of liver fat with optimized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). MATERIALS AND
methodsThirty-three obese patients, 14 men/19 women, aged 57.3 ± 13.9 years underwent 3 Tesla (T) liver MRI including MR-spectroscopy and four three-echo-complex chemical shift-encoded MRI sequences using different FAs (1°/3°/10°/20°). FF was estimated with R2* correction and multi-peak fat spectral modeling. The FF for each FA with and without T1 correction was compared with spectroscopy as a reference standard, using linear regression. Relative SNR of the magnitude data were assessed for each flip angle.
resultsThe correlation between chemical shift-encoded MRI and spectroscopy was high (R(2) ≈ 0.9). Without T1 correction, the agreement of both techniques showed no significant differences in slope (PFlipAngle1 ° = 0.385/PFlipAngle3 ° = 0.289) using low FA. High FA resulted in significant different slopes (PFlipAngle10 ° = 0.016/PFlipAngle20 ° = 0.014. T1 bias was successfully corrected using the T1 correction strategy (slope:PFlipAngle10 ° = 0.387/PFlipAngle20 ° = 0.440). Additionally, the use of high FA (near the Ernst angle) improved the SNR of the magnitude data (FA1 vs. FA3; respectively FA1 vs. FA10 P ≤ 0.001).
conclusionT1 bias is a strong confounder in the assessment of liver fat using chemical shift imaging with high FA. However, using a larger flip angle with T1 correction leads to higher SNR, and residual error after T1 correction is very small.
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