ReviewCurrent opinion in pediatrics2013
Primary immunodeficiencies underlying fungal infections.
Review in Current opinion in pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 112 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
112 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- CARD9 Mutations in Patients with Fungal Infections: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Mycopathologia · 2026Pooled it
- STAT1 gain-of-function in 12 Moroccan patients: Clinical and genetic insights.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Review
- Fungal Infections in Disorders of Inborn Errors of Immunity.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Branched Chain Organic Acidemias.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Decreased IL-17-producing TThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Interplay between CARD9 genetic variants and fungal colonization patterns among patients with diabetes.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of talaromycosis in children with novel and reported inborn errors of immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Observational
- A State of the Art Review on the Recalcitrant Candidiasis as a Clue of Inborn Errors of Immunity in Newborns.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Cryptococcus: Emerging host risk factors for infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Candida albicans-stimulated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells generate trained neutrophils with enhanced mitochondrial ROS production that defend against infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Break through the mold: Hyper-IgE syndrome as a vehicle for invasive aspergillosis.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- A Case Report of Candidiasis Cellulitis in Long-Term Corticosteroid Use.Case reports in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Trim72 is a major host factor protecting against lethal Candida albicans infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Superficial Zoonotic Mycoses in Humans Associated with Cattle.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Drivers of diversification in fungal pathogen populations.PLoS pathogens · 2024Review
- PET imaging of Aspergillus infection using Zirconium-89 labeled anti-β-glucan antibody fragments.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
- Atypical and Unpredictable Superficial Mycosis Presentations: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
52 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewWe review the primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) underlying an increasing variety of superficial and invasive fungal infections. We also stress that the occurrence of such fungal infections should lead physicians to search for the corresponding single-gene inborn errors of immunity. Finally, we suggest that other fungal infections may also result from hitherto unknown inborn errors of immunity, at least in some patients with no known risk factors. RECENT
findingsAn increasing number of PIDs are being shown to underlie fungal infectious diseases in children and young adults. Inborn errors of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase complex (chronic granulomatous disease), severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I confer a predisposition to invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis. More rarely, inborn errors of interferon-γ immunity underlie endemic mycoses. Inborn errors of interleukin-17 immunity have recently been shown to underlie chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), while inborn errors of caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) immunity underlie deep dermatophytosis and invasive candidiasis. SUMMARY: CMC, invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, deep dermatophytosis, pneumocystosis, and endemic mycoses can all be caused by PIDs. Each type of infection is highly suggestive of a specific type of PID. In the absence of overt risk factors, single-gene inborn errors of immunity should be sought in children and young adults with these and other fungal diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.