ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2014
Adjuvant potential of low dose all-trans retinoic acid during oral typhoid vaccination in Zambian men.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal vitamin A supplementation and immune responses to oral polio vaccine in Zimbabwean infants.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Trial
- Vitamin A Positively Correlates with Secretory Immunoglobulin A: A Cross-Sectional Study in Omicron COVID-19 Outpatients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Immunity to enteric viruses.Immunity · 2022Review
- Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Longevity of duodenal and peripheral T-cell and humoral responses to live-attenuated Salmonella Typhi strain Ty21a.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Article
- Properties and applications of nanoparticle/microparticle conveyors with adjuvant characteristics suitable for oral vaccination.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
- Retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a molecular adjuvant for enhancement of mucosal immunity during DNA vaccination.Vaccine · 2016Article
- Immune Dysfunction as a Cause and Consequence of Malnutrition.Trends in immunology · 2016Review
- Retinoic Acid Signaling in B Cells Is Required for the Generation of an Effective T-Independent Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Potential for use of retinoic acid as an oral vaccine adjuvant.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Review
- Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids.Expert opinion on biological therapy · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify ways of enhancing the mucosal immune response to oral vaccines. Rotavirus vaccine protection is much lower in Africa and Asia than in industrialized countries, and no oral vaccine has efficacy approaching the best systemic vaccines. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) up-regulates expression of α4β7 integrin and CCR9 on lymphocytes in laboratory animals, increasing their gut tropism. The aim of this study was to establish the feasibility of using ATRA as an oral adjuvant for oral typhoid vaccination. In order to establish that standard doses of oral ATRA can achieve serum concentrations greater than 10 nmol/l, we measured ATRA, 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid in serum of 14 male volunteers before and 3 h after 10 mg ATRA. We then evaluated the effect of 10 mg ATRA given 1 h before, and for 7 days following, oral typhoid vaccine in eight men, and in 24 men given various control interventions. We measured immunoglobulin (Ig)A directed against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)and protein preparations of vaccine antigens in whole gut lavage fluid (WGLF) and both IgA and IgG in serum, 1 day prior to vaccination and on day 14. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] C(max) was 26·2 (11·7-39·5) nmol/l, with no evidence of cumulation over 8 days. No adverse events were observed. Specific IgA responses to LPS (P = 0·02) and protein (P = 0·04) were enhanced in WGLF, but no effect was seen on IgA or IgG in serum. ATRA was well absorbed, well tolerated and may be a promising candidate oral adjuvant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.