ArticleViral immunology2013
Mucosal adjuvants for influenza virus-like particle vaccine.
Article in Viral immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Oral immunization with filovirus-like particles partially protects IFNARScientific reports · 2026Article
- Influenza Virus-like Particle-Based Hybrid Vaccine Containing RBD Induces Immunity against Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Passive Immunity and Antibody Response Induced byVaccines · 2021Article
- Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2021Review
- Review
- Progress in the development of virus-like particle vaccines against respiratory viruses.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Article
- Innovative Mucosal Vaccine Formulations Against Influenza A Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Adjuvant formulations for virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2017Review
- Cross-Protective Efficacy of Influenza Virus M2e Containing Virus-Like Particles Is Superior to Hemagglutinin Vaccines and Variable Depending on the Genetic Backgrounds of Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Progress in developing virus-like particle influenza vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2016Review
- Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by virus-like particles containing a Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory (ES) protein in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Influenza vaccines: a moving interdisciplinary field.Viruses · 2014Review
- Comparative analysis of Bacillus subtilis spores and monophosphoryl lipid A as adjuvants of protein-based mycobacterium tuberculosis-based vaccines: partial requirement for interleukin-17a for induction of protective immunity.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To find an effective mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus-like particles (VLPs), we compared the effects of known adjuvants Alum, CpG DNA, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), poly IC, gardiquimod, and cholera toxin (CT). Mice that were intranasally immunized with Alum, CpG, MPL, and CT adjuvanted VLPs showed higher levels of antibodies in both sera and mucosa. Hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralizing activities were enhanced in groups adjuvanted with Alum, MPL, or CT. Influenza virus specific long-lived cells secreting IgG and IgA antibodies were found at high levels both in bone marrow and spleen in the Alum, CpG and CT adjuvanted groups. A similar level of protection was observed among different adjuvanted groups, except the CT adjuvant that showed a higher efficacy in lowering lung viral loads after challenge. Alum and CT adjuvants differentially increased influenza VLP-mediated activation of dendritic cells and splenocytes in vitro, supporting the in vivo pattern of antibody isotypes and cytokine production. These results suggest that Alum, MPL, or CpG adjuvants, which have been tested clinically, can be developed as an effective mucosal adjuvant for influenza VLP vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.