ArticlePloS one2013
Cadmium mimics estrogen-driven cell proliferation and prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between female circulating heavy metal concentration and abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Multi-Targeted Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Mitigating Cadmium-Induced Breast Cancer.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From the perspective of prolactin: a view on obesity.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- In vivo effects of cadmium on signaling and secretion of pituitary gonadotrophs in male mice are time-dependent.The Journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Air Pollution and Pituitary Adenoma Pathogenesis: Unraveling Environmental Impacts on Neuroendocrine Function and Tumorigenesis.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Vitamins improve the effect of heavy metal exposure in arthritis after hysterectomy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Influence of Environmental Exposure to Xenoestrogens on the Risk of Cancer Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Toxicity Tolerance in the Carcinogenesis of Environmental Cadmium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Leaves and Rhizomes of the SeagrassBiology · 2023Article
- Review
- National analysis of urinary cadmium concentration and kidney stone: Evidence from NHANES (2011-2020).Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Beneficial Effects of Flaxseed and/or Mulberry Extracts Supplementation in Ovariectomized Wistar Rats.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Estrogen Receptors Mediated Negative Effects of Estrogens and Xenoestrogens in Teleost Fishes-Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Emerging Links between Cadmium Exposure and Insulin Resistance: Human, Animal, and Cell Study Data.Toxics · 2020Review
- Soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 subunit is a key mediator of proliferation, survival, and migration in ECC-1 and HeLa cell lines.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Metal-dependent hormone function: the emerging interdisciplinary field of metalloendocrinology.Metallomics : integrated biometal science · 2019Review
- Effects of estrogen-like plant compounds on the vaginal epithelium pituitary, adrenal glands, and uterus of rats.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Overview of Cadmium Thyroid Disrupting Effects and Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- The protective role of melatonin in cadmium-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal of considerable occupational and environmental concern affecting wildlife and human health. Recent studies indicate that Cd, like other heavy metals, can mimic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) involving E2 receptor (ER) activation. Lactotrophs, the most abundant cell type in anterior pituitary gland, are the main target of E2, which stimulates cell proliferation and increases prolactin secretion through ERα. The aim of this work was to examine whether Cd at nanomolar concentrations can induce cell proliferation and prolactin release in anterior pituitary cells in culture and whether these effects are mediated through ERs. Here we show that 10 nM Cd was able to stimulate lactotroph proliferation in anterior pituitary cell cultures from female Wistar rats and also in GH3 lactosomatotroph cell line. Proliferation of somatotrophs and gonadotrophs were not affected by Cd exposure. Cd promoted cell cycle progression by increasing cyclins D1, D3 and c-fos expression. Cd enhanced prolactin synthesis and secretion. Cd E2-like effects were blocked by the pure ERs antagonist ICI 182,780 supporting that Cd acts through ERs. Further, both Cd and E2 augmented full-length ERαexpression and its 46 kDa-splicing variant. In addition, when co-incubated Cd was shown to interact with E2 by inducing ERα mRNA expression which indicates an additive effect between them. This study shows for the first time that Cd at nanomolar concentration displays xenoestrogenic activities by inducing cell growth and stimulating prolactin secretion from anterior pituitary cells in an ERs-dependent manner. Cd acting as a potent xenoestrogen can play a key role in the aetiology of different pathologies of the anterior pituitary and in estrogen-responsive tissues which represent considerable risk to human health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.